一种新型夹爪结合滚轮吸物与颗粒锁紧,提升抓取稳定性。
Hybrid Roller-Jamming Gripper for Object Acquisition and Retention Under Pose Uncertainty

- 用旋转滚轮主动拉物体靠近中心,再通过真空使颗粒固化锁紧。
- 840次测试中成功812次,平面和姿态偏移下成功率超95%。
- 适合家用机器人抓取不规则物体,尤其应对初始接触不准的场景。
在家庭操作中,物体姿态不确定性常导致初始接触偏心或部分接触,难以可靠抓取。基于滚轮的夹爪可主动将物体拉入,但抓取后稳定性不足;颗粒锁紧夹爪需充分接触才能实现牢固抓持。本文提出一种混合式滚轮-锁紧夹爪,集成主动进给与抓后固定功能。该夹爪先通过向内旋转滚轮增加接触并引导物体向中心移动,随后利用真空诱导颗粒锁紧,使滚轮硬化以稳定握持。论文还提供了夹爪的简化几何分析及原型力性能的台架测试。夹爪安装于7自由度机械臂,对8种测试物体进行评估,施加可控的平面位置与姿态偏移,每种条件重复3次,共完成840次抓取试验(含216次平面偏移、624次姿态偏移)。总体成功率达812/840(平面偏移215/216,姿态偏移597/624)。消融实验共162次,仅滚轮模式成功54/81,仅锁紧模式成功24/81,表明二者贡献不同。结果初步证明,混合滚轮-锁紧机制是改善不完美初接触后抓取与保持的有效策略。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In household manipulation, pose uncertainty often results in off-centre or partial initial contact, making reliable object acquisition difficult. Roller-based grippers can actively draw objects inward but often provide limited post-capture stability, whereas granular-jamming grippers require sufficient contact before jamming to achieve strong retention. This paper presents a hybrid roller-jamming gripper that integrates active object intake and post-capture retention within a single gripper. The proposed gripper uses inward roller rotation to increase contact and draw the object toward the gripper centre, followed by vacuum-induced granular jamming to stiffen the rollers and stabilise the grasp. The paper also presents a simplified geometric analysis of the gripper and a bench-level characterisation of the prototype's force capability. The gripper prototype was mounted on a 7-DoF robotic arm and evaluated using eight test objects. Furthermore, controlled planar position and orientation offsets were applied, with each condition repeated three times. The main evaluation comprised 840 grasp trials, including 216 planar-offset trials and 624 orientation-offset trials. Overall, the gripper succeeded in 812/840 trials: 215/216 planar-offset trials and 597/624 orientation-offset trials. The ablation evaluation comprised 162 trials on three objects. The roller-only and jamming-only conditions achieved 54/81 and 24/81 successes, respectively, showing their different contributions. These results provide initial mechanism-level evidence that hybrid roller-jamming is a promising strategy for improving acquisition and retention after imperfect first contact.
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