arXiv:2608.21012cs.IRcs.LG2026-08

用动态大代码本替代多层小代码本,提升推荐生成效率与准确性。

From a Static Multi-Level Small Semantic Codebook to a Dynamic Single-Level Large Semantic Codebook for Generative Recommendation

  • 单层大语义代码本+独立消歧令牌,降低物品冲突。
  • 动态更新机制使代码本随流量变化自适应,提升稳定性。
  • 实测推理耗时降近半,线上点击率提升0.792%,适合大规模推荐系统。

生成式推荐将每个物品表示为离散语义标识符(SID)序列,并通过预测序列来召回下一个物品。传统系统采用多级残差量化,增加自回归解码开销,并形成可能稀疏的层级空间。静态代码本也因新物品加入和曝光分布变化而逐渐失准。本文提出单层大型语义代码本,以单一语义令牌替代多级残差语义码,同时保留独立协同消歧令牌以减少物品碰撞。进一步设计基于时间权重衰减、指数移动平均中心更新及曝光加权惩罚的暴露感知动态更新机制。构建涵盖表示质量、代码利用率、聚类负载、全SID碰撞和时间稳定性的离线评估框架。在两个公开数据集上,双层SID使OneRec-V1的Recall@10提升5.0%-8.8%、NDCG@10提升4.1%-5.1%;OneRec-V2分别提升7.1%-8.7%和3.8%-8.5%。动态更新在KuaiRec上带来额外增益。三种部署架构下,短序列使自回归解码浮点运算量减少47.93%-48.70%,单卡查询吞吐量提升28.57%-47.0%。五天线上A/B测试(服务2.5%生产流量)主消费指标提升0.792%。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Generative recommendation represents each item with a sequence of discrete Semantic IDs (SIDs) and predicts the sequence to retrieve the next item. Typical systems use multi-level residual quantization, which increases autoregressive decoding cost and creates a large hierarchical space that may be sparsely occupied. Static codebooks also become misaligned with current traffic as new items arrive and exposure distributions change. We propose a single-level large semantic codebook that replaces multiple residual semantic codes with one semantic token while retaining a separate collaborative disambiguation token to reduce item collisions. We further introduce an exposure-aware dynamic update mechanism based on temporal weight decay, exponential moving-average center updates, and an exposure-weighted penalty on SID changes. We also develop an offline evaluation framework covering representation quality, code utilization, cluster load, full-SID collision, and temporal stability. On two public datasets, the two-level SID improves mean Recall@10 by 5.0%-8.8% and mean NDCG@10 by 4.1%-5.1% for OneRec-V1, and by 7.1%-8.7% and 3.8%-8.5%, respectively, for OneRec-V2. Dynamic updating provides further gains on KuaiRec. Across three serving architectures, the shorter SID reduces estimated autoregressive-decoding FLOPs by 47.93%-48.70% and increases single-card QPS by 28.57%-47.0%. A five-day online A/B test serving 2.5% of production traffic improves the primary consumption metric by 0.792%.

生成推荐代码本优化动态更新高效推理

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