让机器人在复杂人群里安全绕行,还能自动适应不同形状的同伴。
SRL-MPC: Shape-Aware Reinforcement Learned Model Predictive Control

- 用几何特征学习动态调整控制参数,实现形状感知导航
- 在随机人群场景中,安全性与适应性显著优于基线方法
- 适合多机器人协同、复杂环境下的智能导航应用
在异构人群与机器人队列中实现安全高效的形状感知导航仍具挑战。传统方法常假设机器人同质、空间稀疏、几何简化、离线计算或手工调参,限制了其在密集人群中的部署。为此,我们提出形状感知强化学习模型预测控制(SRL-MPC),一种无需几何简化的异形机器人群安全高效自适应导航方法。通过支持函数变换提取几何分离特征(GSFs),构建高阶控制屏障函数(HOCBF)约束以编码形状感知安全;再利用强化学习框架,训练神经策略实时读取GSFs并输出MPC参数更新,使求解器可适应邻近群体的几何变化。SRL-MPC兼具MPC的安全结构与泛化能力,同时融合强化学习的适应性与智能性。在任意形状机器人队列的随机人群场景实验中,验证了该方法的有效性、可扩展性与鲁棒性。结果表明,SRL-MPC在安全性和适应性上均显著优于代表性基线方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Safe and efficient shape-aware navigation in heterogeneous crowds and robot fleets remains challenging. Traditional approaches often assume homogeneous robots, sparse workspaces, simplified geometry, offline computation, or handcrafted parameters to make the problem tractable, which limits their deployment in dense crowd scenarios. Toward this end, we propose Shape-Aware Reinforcement Learned Model Predictive Control (SRL-MPC), a method for safe, efficient, and adaptive navigation in crowds with heterogeneous shapes without geometry simplification. To encode shape-aware safety, we formulate high-order control barrier function (HOCBF) constraints from geometric separation features (GSFs) based on support function transformation. A reinforcement learning (RL) framework then learns a neural policy that reads GSFs and outputs real-time MPC parameter updates, enabling the MPC solver to adapt to neighboring crowd geometries. The key advantage of SRL-MPC is that it preserves the safety structure and generalizability of MPC while integrating the adaptability and intelligence of RL. Experiments in randomized crowd scenarios with arbitrary shaped robot fleets demonstrate the effectiveness, scalability, and robustness of SRL-MPC. The results show that SRL-MPC substantially outperforms representative baselines in safety and adaptability. Project website: https://hanruihua.github.io/srl_mpc_project/
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