用信息论压缩点云,保留物体识别能力同时隐藏隐私信息
RoboShape: Information-Theoretic Point Cloud Representations for Privacy-Aware Robot Perception

- 基于互信息优化点云嵌入,区分可公开与私密属性
- 嵌入体积缩小87.5%,物体分类准确率保持98.7%
- 适合需保护隐私的机器人感知系统部署
随着机器人在人类环境中广泛使用,其通过扫描和共享3D点云(如用于车队学习、云端规划或协同建图)获取数据时,不仅暴露场景中的物体,还可能泄露敏感空间信息(如房间功能),而用户并未同意披露。传统点云编码器无法对此进行有效控制:要么全部保留,要么全盘丢失。为此,我们提出RoboShape,一个基于信息论指导的压缩头,搭配冻结的{ t Sonata}编码器使用。通过采用Donsker-Varadhan形式的互信息(MI),在保持物体级理解的互信息最大化的同时,最小化对私密属性的互信息。RoboShape使嵌入尺寸减少87.5%,在三个真实室内LiDAR数据集上仍保留98.7%的物体分类效用,同时将敏感属性预测准确率平均降低39.3%。其生成的隐私保护嵌入更易传输,也更适合下游任务训练。我们开源RoboShape代码库,为机器人社区提供一种无需依赖特定编码器、紧凑、隐私友好且可直接部署的感知工具。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
With the increased adoption of robotic agents operating in human environments by scanning and sharing 3D representations (e.g., for fleet learning, cloud-based planning, or collaborative mapping), collected point clouds reveal not just the objects in a scene but also sensitive spatial context, such as room function or information that occupants never consented to disclose. Traditional point cloud encoders offer no principled control over this: either all is preserved, or none. Hence, we introduce RoboShape, an information theory guided compression head following the frozen {\tt Sonata} encoder. We project voxel-level embeddings using the Donsker-Varadhan formulation of mutual information (MI). Specifically, we maximize the MI between embeddings and object-level understanding while minimizing it for private attributes. RoboShape leads to 87.5\% smaller embeddings that retain 98.7\% of object classification utility while collapsing sensitive attribute predictions by 39.3\% across the three real-world indoor LiDAR datasets. Its privacy-preserving embeddings are cheaper to transmit over the network or to train a model for any downstream tasks. We release the RoboShape codebase to give the robotics community a practical, encoder-agnostic tool for building perception pipelines that are compact, privacy-aware, and deployment-ready.
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