机器人隐私不仅是数据问题,更是空间与身体互动中的边界挑战。
Position: Robot Privacy as Embodied Boundary Work. Connecting Capabilities, Contexts, and Design Responses in Everyday Robotics

- 以机器人能力与场景结合的框架,重新定义隐私风险
- 提出7类能力5类场景下的边界越界机制
- 适合人机交互、智能设计与政策制定者参考
机器人正进入日常生活环境,隐私不仅关乎数据处理,更涉及空间、身体、社会与关系边界。其具身能力使其能通过情境化行动重塑这些边界,挑战以数据流、界面设置或一次性同意为中心的隐私框架。已有研究关注感知、数据采集、远程呈现、透明度、同意、旁观者意识及多方治理。本文在此基础上提出‘具身边界隐私’框架,将隐私风险按7种机器人能力与5种部署场景组织,探讨具身能力如何促成边界跨越,以及情境如何影响受影响对象、跨界的解读方式及争议发生时机。该视角为具身隐私机制设计提供指导,包括边界检查点、视角感知传感控制、远程存在披露、物体与身体层级访问规则、对社会说服性隐私影响的约束,以及本地中断权利。建议人机交互研究、设计与治理应将机器人移动、朝向、距离、物体重访、远程存在和社交表达视为隐私相关行为,其意义取决于具体情境。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Robots are increasingly entering everyday environments where privacy is shaped not only by data practices, but also by spatial, bodily, social, and relational boundaries. Their embodied capabilities allow them to reshape these boundaries through situated action, challenging privacy framings centered on data flows, interface settings, or one-time consent. Prior work has examined robot privacy through sensing, data collection, telepresence, transparency, consent, bystander awareness, and multi-stakeholder governance. Building on this work, we propose embodied boundary privacy as a capability-by-context framing for examining how physically present robots may reshape privacy boundaries in situated interaction. Specifically, this framing organizes privacy risks across seven robot capabilities and five deployment contexts, asking how embodied capabilities enable boundary crossings and how situated contexts shape who is affected, how these crossings are interpreted, and when they become contested. We use this perspective to outline design and research implications for embodied privacy mechanisms, including boundary checkpoints, viewpoint-aware sensing control, remote-presence disclosure, object- and body-level access rules, constraints on socially persuasive privacy influence, and local interruption rights. We encourage HRI research, design, and governance to treat robot movement, orientation, proximity, object access, remote presence, and social expression as privacy-relevant actions whose meaning depends on context.
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