构建可组合的制造知识图信任体系，实现数据溯源与决策可审计。
Composable Trust Infrastructure for Manufacturing Knowledge Graphs: Cross-System Provenance, Temporal Reasoning, and Decision Traceability
- 用共享标识整合四类信任能力，实现跨系统数据追踪。
- 移除任一能力均导致六项复合查询中三项失败，四者缺一不可。
- 支持全流程审计，31毫秒完成全链路可追溯性验证，适合工业系统集成。
集成异构工业系统的制造知识图谱面临信任缺失问题：用户无法判断查询数据是否有效、决策时是否有效、数据来源何处、如何被处理。本文提出一种可组合的信任基础设施，通过共享实体URI、接入活动标识符和时间关联键，将SHACL校验、PROV-O溯源、领域感知双时态版本控制及图原生决策对象四种能力融合为统一RDF架构。实验表明，移除任一能力会导致六项复合查询中有三项失败，证明四者作用等同且缺一不可。高阶组合分析揭示四个三向属性与一个不可简化的四向属性（全链路可审计性，31毫秒执行）。系统在集成11个工业源（OPC UA、TIA Portal、eClass、AAS、ISA-95、ISA-18.2、SAP S/4HANA、Teamcenter、Opcenter EX、Insights Hub、SCM）的测试平台上验证，基于89类符合ISA-95标准的本体，构建包含8,743条三元组的五命名图，通过81条owl:sameAs连接。评估使用自建模拟器生成的结构化真实数据，涵盖跨系统关联模式。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Manufacturing knowledge graphs that integrate data from heterogeneous industrial systems face a trust deficit: consumers cannot determine whether queried data is valid, whether it was valid when a decision was made, where it originated, or how it was acted upon. We argue that four trust capabilities -- SHACL validation, PROV-O provenance, domain-aware bi-temporal versioning, and graph-native decision objects -- compose through shared correlation identifiers to produce emergent trust properties that no single capability delivers alone. We present a composable trust infrastructure that integrates these four capabilities into a unified RDF architecture. Capabilities compose through shared entity URIs, ingestion activity identifiers, and temporal correlation keys, enabling compound queries spanning all four dimensions. An experimental ablation confirms that removing any single capability causes exactly three of six composition queries to fail, demonstrating that all four are equally load-bearing. Analysis of higher-order compositions reveals four emergent three-way properties and one irreducible four-way property (full-chain auditability, 31ms execution). The infrastructure is validated on a testbed integrating eleven industrial sources -- OPC UA, TIA Portal, eClass, AAS, ISA-95, ISA-18.2, SAP S/4HANA, Teamcenter, Opcenter EX, Insights Hub, and SCM -- under an 89-class ISA-95-aligned ontology. The unified graph contains 8,743 triples across five named graphs, stitched by 81 owl:sameAs identity edges. Evaluation uses simulated but structurally realistic data from purpose-built emulators; data structures and cross-system linkage patterns are representative of real industrial installations.
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