分析224部动画片，发现女性角色在人类角色中占比高，但非人类角色仍以男性为主。
Measuring Gender Representation in Animated Films
- 用计算机视觉识别动画角色，量化其出场时间与可见度
- 女性人类角色占比高于男性，但非人类角色仍以男性为主
- 女性角色更常共同出现，且反派角色中女性比例未下降
动画电影常面向儿童，是文化熏陶的重要载体。以往研究多关注角色性别构成的统计，缺乏对角色可见度（如银幕时间）的精细分析。本文构建了计算管道，用于识别224部流行动画片中的角色，并检验若干关于性别表现的假设。结果表明，1980-2025年间，动画片中女性角色总体占比与真人电影基本持平；但在人类角色中女性占比显著更高，而非人类角色则仍以男性为主。与过往迪士尼研究不同，本研究未发现女性角色在反派角色中比例下降，且女性角色更频繁地共同登场，优于同期真人电影。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Animated films--often developed with an audience of children in mind--are an important vector for enculturation, and empirical work that has examined the representation of gender at scale in these films has largely focused on counting the gender composition of the cast rather than deploying a more fine-grained instrument (such as assessing the visibility of those characters in overall screentime). In this work, we develop a computational pipeline for recognizing animated characters in these films, and use it to test several hypotheses about gender representation in a corpus of 224 popular animated movies. We find that while the overall representation of female characters in animated films largely tracks with those of live-action films (over the period 1980-2025), we see stark differences between the representation of human characters (much greater representation among women and girls) and non-humans (largely male). Contrary to past work on Disney, we do not see female characters declining in antagonist roles in animated films, and characters who are women and girls are much more likely to share scenes together than their live action contemporaneous counterparts.
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