梳理时间序列分类的可解释AI框架,揭示工具间差异与短板。
Software Frameworks for Explainable AI in Time Series Classification: A Systematic Review

- 系统对比六款支持时序数据的可解释框架
- 仅一款支持频域解释,两种评估指标专为时序设计
- 适合关注模型可信性与复现性的研究人员
时间序列广泛应用于各类关键决策场景,其分类任务(TSC)是机器学习研究的重点。在决策敏感环境中,确保TSC模型的透明性与可信度至关重要,推动了可解释人工智能(XAI)方法的应用。尽管关注度上升,现有研究仍零散,缺乏对可解释框架的系统理解,包括解释生成、评估方式及实际限制。以往工作多聚焦单一解释方法,而跨框架一致性、时序特异性评估与可复现性未受重视。本文系统分析现有用于时序分类解释生成与评估的软件框架,从支持的XAI方法、评估指标、易用性、基准测试支持和可复现性等维度进行比较,首次提供面向时序数据的框架实现对比及频域支持分析。识别出六款明确支持时序数据的框架,发现共性局限:仅一种方法支持频域解释;仅两种评估指标专为时序设计;相同XAI方法在不同框架中产生显著不同的解释结果。基于此,我们讨论开放挑战并提出未来研究方向,强调构建统一、面向时序的可解释框架以实现忠实、可复现且时序感知的解释。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Time series arise in a wide range of application domains and are analyzed using machine learning in decision-critical settings. Time series classification (TSC) is one of the most widely studied and relevant tasks. In this context, ensuring the transparency and trustworthiness of TSC models has become an important requirement, motivating the use of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods. Despite growing interest, research on XAI for TSC remains fragmented, and a systematic understanding of the available software frameworks for explanation generation, their evaluation practices, and practical limitations is still lacking. Prior work largely focused on individual explanation methods, while cross-framework consistency, time-series-specific evaluation, and reproducibility have received little attention. In this survey, we analyze existing software frameworks for explanation generation and evaluation in TSC. We compare them along multiple dimensions, including supported XAI methods, evaluation metrics, usability, benchmarking support, and reproducibility, providing the first time-series-specific survey of frameworks with implementation comparisons and an analysis of frequency-domain support. We identify six frameworks that explicitly support time series and reveal common limitations: only one method supports frequency-domain explanations despite their relevance; only two evaluation metrics have been developed specifically for time series; and identical XAI methods can yield substantially different explanations across frameworks. Based on these findings, we discuss open challenges and outline directions for future research, highlighting the need for unified, time-series-specific XAI frameworks that enable faithful, reproducible, and time-series-aware explanations.
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