arXiv:2608.21473cs.LG2026-08KDD

针对不平衡时间序列数据,提出基于类条件高斯混合的量化模型,提升罕见类别的识别精度。

Class-Conditioned Gaussian Mixture Modeling for Imbalanced Time Series Quantification

论文配图:Class-Conditioned Gaussian Mixture Modeling for Imbalanced Time Series Quantification
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用Transformer提取特征,每类独立建模高斯混合分布,增强对稀有模式的敏感性。
  • 在3个基准数据集上误差显著低于传统方法和现有深度量化模型。
  • 适合生物信号、跌倒检测等需准确估计类别比例的场景。

量化任务旨在估计无标签样本包中各类别的比例,在生物信号监测、跌倒检测和活动识别等场景中尤为重要。本文针对不平衡时间序列数据的挑战,提出CC-GMNet-TS:一种结合Transformer特征提取器与类条件潜在混合的量化模型。与以往使用单一高斯混合的方法不同,该模型在受限潜在空间中为每类分配专属紧凑混合分布,并通过将片段嵌入与各分类别组件对比,构建强调稀有但关键模式的包级表示。通过人工先验协议(APP)和先验偏移采样(PShift)构建覆盖广泛类别比例的样本包,模型以面向量化的损失端到端训练。在三个基准数据集(EMG Data for Gestures、SmartFallMM、UCI-HAR)上的实验表明,该模型在三组测试中均实现更低误差,消融实验验证了Transformer主干网络和类条件混合的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Quantification, estimating class prevalences in bags of unlabeled instances is vital in domains where aggregate statistics are more important than individual instance labels, such as biosignal monitoring, fall detection, and activity recognition. We investigate this issue in the challenging setting of imbalanced time series data and develop CC-GMNet-TS, a class-conditioned Gaussian mixture quantifier that combines a Transformer-based feature extractor with per-class latent mixtures. Unlike previous mixture-based quantifiers, which use a single Gaussian mixture shared by all classes, CC-GMNet-TS assigns each class its own compact mixture in a bounded latent space and scores segment embeddings against these class-specific components to create bag-level representations that emphasize rare but informative patterns. Bags are constructed from labeled pools using the Artificial Prevalence Protocol (APP) and prior shift bag sampling (PShift) to cover a wide range of class prevalence scenarios, and the model is trained end-to-end with a quantification-oriented loss. Experiments on three benchmarks: EMG Data for Gestures, SmartFallMM, and UCI-HAR show that CC-GMNet-TS achieves lower error across the three benchmarks compared to traditional aggregators and recent deep quantifiers, while ablations confirm the contributions of both the Transformer backbone and class-conditioned mixtures during PShift.

时间序列量化不平衡数据高斯混合

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