arXiv:2608.21605cs.AI2026-08

用函数符号建模硬约束,让生成样本既合法又真实。

Generate in the Chart, Not on the Boundary: Function-Symbol Grounding for Hard Constraints in LTN-GANs

论文配图:Generate in the Chart, Not on the Boundary: Function-Symbol Grounding for Hard Constraints in LTN-GANs
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将逻辑约束转化为函数符号,构建可行域内的坐标系
  • 发现传统方法会丢失约束裕度分布,导致样本不真实
  • 提出可提前诊断学习能力的分辨率比R,指导约束设计

逻辑张量网络增强生成对抗网络(LTN-GAN)通过将每个逻辑公理作为谓词进行真值度训练,提升生成结果对背景知识的满足度。然而,现有方法在谓词层面接地所有约束,仅能评分样本,无法表达必须在每份生成结果中成立的硬结构约束(如顺序、正性、定义等)。本文探索将公理作为函数符号嵌入LTN框架内。对比当前最优方案——约束层强制违反样本贴合可行边界的做法,我们发现:合规不等于合理。一个不等式不仅有满足或违反,更存在裕度,且生成器应复现裕度的真实分布。我们提出分辨率比 $R$(数据尺度与裕度范围之比),可在训练前计算,用于判断所选接地方式能否有效学习。当 $R$ 较大时,谓词失去学习信号,钳制机制使所有样本被推至边界,裕度分布消失,但标准指标仍表现良好。而函数符号避免了这些缺陷,直接计算受约束变量,构成可行域内的图表坐标系统,确保样本始终合法,同时学习裕度分布如其他变量一般。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Logic Tensor Network-Enhanced Generative Adversarial Networks (LTN-GANs) inject background knowledge by grounding each logical axiom as a predicate and training the generator to raise its satisfaction, a fuzzy truth value in $[0,1]$. Previous LTN-GAN work grounded every constraint this way, at the predicate level, and improved constraint satisfaction. A predicate, however, only scores a sample, so it cannot embed hard structural constraints, rules such as orderings, positivity, and definitional identities that must hold in every generated sample. In this work, we investigate grounding each axiom as a function symbol inside the LTN framework. We compare against the state-of-the-art alternative, a constraint layer that clamps each violating sample onto the feasible boundary and so produces outputs that are always valid. Our investigation shows that a valid sample is not always a realistic one. An inequality is not merely satisfied or violated. It holds by a margin, and a faithful generator should also reproduce the margin's real distribution. We find that the resolution ratio $R$, the data's scale over the margin's spread, is a diagnostic, computable before training, of which constraints a chosen grounding can learn. When $R$ is large, the predicate receives no learning signal, the clamp pushes every sample onto the boundary, and the margin distribution is lost while every standard metric still looks fine. A function symbol avoids both failures, computing the constrained variable rather than scoring it. Together the function symbols form a chart, a coordinate system inside the feasible region, where every sample is valid by construction and the margin is learned like any other quantity.

生成模型逻辑约束函数符号硬约束

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