arXiv:2608.21621cs.LG2026-08

根据请求复杂度动态选模型,让嵌入式设备更快更省地跑NLP。

FrugalSOT - Frugal Search Over the Models

论文配图:FrugalSOT - Frugal Search Over the Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 按提示长度、实体密度等特征评估请求复杂度,逐步升级模型。
  • 在树莓派5上推理时间减少,资源消耗更低,且保持高相关性。
  • 自适应调整阈值,适合资源受限的移动端NLP部署。

在嵌入式硬件(如树莓派5)上进行本地NLP任务时,受限的资源要求高效的推理策略。本文提出FrugalSOT(Frugal Search Over The Models),一种面向本地NLP推理的资源感知模型选择架构。FrugalSOT通过提取提示长度、命名实体密度和句法复杂度等特征,估算每个请求的复杂度。请求首先被发送至最简单且可能满足相关性阈值的模型;若输出未达阈值,则递增至更复杂的模型。相关性阈值通过低通滤波机制,基于历史验证结果持续更新,实现对输入模式变化的自适应。在树莓派5上的实验表明,与单模型基线相比,FrugalSOT显著降低了平均推理时间和总体计算资源使用,同时保持与最复杂模型相当的输出相关性。结果证实,自适应模型选择可在资源受限设备上实现高效且高质量的自然语言处理推理。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In on-device NLP tasks, limited resources of embedded hardware, such as the Raspberry Pi 5, require efficient inference strategies. This paper introduces FrugalSOT (Frugal Search Over The Models), a resource-aware model selection architecture for on-device NLP inference. FrugalSOT estimates each request's complexity by extracting features such as prompt length, named entity density, and syntactic complexity. The request is first made to the least complex model that is likely to pass a relevance threshold. If the output of that model falls short of the threshold, the request is made to a more complex model. It is important to note that the relevance threshold undergoes continuous updates in the background. using past validation outcomes in an adaptation process using a low-pass filtering mechanism, thus imparting adaptation to changing input patterns. Experimental results achieved on a Raspberry Pi 5 show that FrugalSOT reduces average inference time and overall computational resource use to a significant extent compared to a single-model baseline approach, without compromising output relevance to the same extent as the most sophisticated model. These results confirm that adaptive model selection can enable efficient, high-quality natural language processing inference on limited devices.

边缘计算模型选择NLP推理

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