arXiv:2608.21976cs.AI2026-08

AI闭环设计出的海上风电结构通过权威认证,钢用量和成本双降8.1%。

Closed-loop AI achieves certifiable engineering design

  • 用语言指令生成几何,结合物理仿真与优化算法自动迭代设计
  • 设计达标后在真实标准下获中国船级社原则批准,性能优于人工设计
  • 适合需高可靠性验证的工程领域,如海上风电、航空航天等

智能体式AI已实现科学发现的部分自动化,但复杂物理工程设计仍存在空白,因设计方案需同时满足流体力学、固体力学与结构稳定性约束。本文提出「AI工程师」框架,将大语言模型(LLMs)与确定性工程后端在闭环中耦合:自然语言需求转化为设计域几何与网格;通过双向进化结构优化(BESO)与CalculiX求解器进行拓扑优化;再以粒子群优化(PSO)结合Zwind,在海上风力-水力-伺服弹性载荷工况下细化构件尺寸。为避免每方案单独认证成本,引入自动化评审系统,基于11个真实漂浮式风电项目校准的分段线性函数,从五大维度(承载力、钢材强度、单位成本、可建造性、疲劳寿命)评分。搜索终止条件为综合得分S≥85(A级),且各子项不低于60。经中国船级社(CCS)原则批准(AIP)验证,该设计通过外部权威检验,证明评审系统有效追踪专业判断。最终设计相较人工优化的TuQiang基准,钢质量与单位资本成本均降低8.1%,且满足全部AIP要求。此验证闭环机制使「AI工程师」区别于开放生成系统,其每一提案均经由确定性物理与规范限值评估。现存局限包括详细设计与制造约束的纳入。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Agentic AI has automated parts of scientific discovery, including paper generation, expert-level coding, therapeutic proposal, and autonomous experimentation. Complex physical engineering design remains a gap, because candidates must satisfy simultaneous constraints in fluid dynamics, solid mechanics, and structural stability. We introduce The AI Engineer, an agentic framework that couples large language models (LLMs) to deterministic engineering backends in a closed loop: natural-language requirements are converted into design-domain geometry and mesh; topology is optimized with bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) coupled to the CalculiX solver; and member sizes are refined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) coupled to Zwind under offshore aero-hydro-servo-elastic load cases. To explore many designs without per-candidate certification cost, an Automated Reviewer scores each candidate on five dimensions (capacity, steel intensity, unit cost, constructability, and fatigue life) using piecewise-linear functions calibrated on 11 real floating-wind projects. Search terminates only when a candidate reaches a composite score $S \ge 85$ (grade A) with no subscore below 60. We validated this gate by submitting the top-scoring design to the China Classification Society (CCS) for Approval in Principle (AIP), which it passed; AIP is thus an external check that the reviewer tracks professional judgment, not the daily objective. The certified design outperforms the human-optimized TuQiang baseline, reducing steel mass and unit capital cost by 8.1% each while meeting all AIP criteria. This verification-closed regime, in which every proposal is judged by deterministic physics and codified limit states, distinguishes The AI Engineer from open-ended generative systems. Remaining limits include detailed design and fabrication-hard constraints.

AI设计工程优化海上风电闭环验证

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