用卫星影像估算欧洲公路车辆速度，覆盖2022-2026年
Vehicle speed dataset for the major European road network derived from Sentinel-2 imagery, 2022-2026
- 利用哨兵-2卫星多波段时间差检测车辆移动轨迹
- 每条记录包含速度、时间戳、轨迹和质量指标
- 适合交通建模与大陆尺度路网分析
该数据集提供2022至2026年间欧洲E-roads（高速公路、主干道、一二级道路）的个体车辆速度观测数据，基于OpenStreetMap中标记为e-road的道路。速度由哥白尼哨兵-2级2A光学影像通过处理流程推导，利用其推扫式仪器中蓝（B02_10m）、绿（B03_10m）和红波段（B04_10m）之间短而明确的采集时间延迟。移动车辆在三个波段中呈现微小偏移位置，形成移动回声。通过预测-匹配方法将检测到的偏移强度峰值关联成单个车辆轨迹，并结合公开的波段间时间延迟将位移转换为地面速度。每条记录包含轨迹几何、各通道位移与航向、内部质量指标、估计速度、采集时间戳及源哨兵-2产品标识符。数据以GeoPackage格式分发，每辆车一条记录，可用于交通模式研究、速度行为分析、运输建模及大陆尺度路网属性校准。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The dataset provides individual vehicle speed observations on European E-roads: motorways, trunk roads, primary and secondary roads, as tagged in OpenStreetMap as e-road, for the years 2022-2026. Speeds are derived from Copernicus Sentinel-2 Level-2A satellite optical imagery using a processing pipeline that exploits the short, well-characterized acquisition delays between the blue (B02_10m), green (B03_10m), and red bands (B04_10m) of the Sentinel-2 push-broom instrument. A moving vehicle appears at slightly displaced positions in the three bands, forming a moving echo. The detected displaced intensity peaks are linked into per-vehicle trajectories through a prediction-and-matching procedure. The resulting displacements are converted into ground speeds using publicly accessible inter-band time delays. Each record contains the trajectory geometry, per-channel displacements and headings, internal quality indicators, the estimated speed, the acquisition timestamp, and the source Sentinel-2 product identifier. The dataset is distributed as GeoPackage files, with one record per detected vehicle, and can support studies of traffic patterns, speed behavior, transport modeling, and the calibration of road network attributes at a continental scale.
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