用生物力学模型分析假肢对跳远表现的影响，发现假肢使用者仍有提升空间。
What is the effect of running-specific prostheses on long jumps? Optimization-based prediction and analysis using biomechanical models
- 构建双人跳远动力学模型，通过最优控制求解真实跳跃动作
- 模拟结果显示无截肢者跳远距离比假肢使用者长64厘米（6.9%）
- 为假肢优化和运动员训练提供可量化的参考方向
膝下截肢运动员使用跑步专用假肢（RSP）起跳后，近年来成绩显著提升。由于跳远生物力学与健全运动员不同，问题在于假肢的弹簧特性是否有助于实现更远距离。本文建立了一名有膝下截肢（BKA）和一名无截肢运动员的刚体多体系统模型，通过施加物理合理约束的最优控制问题（OCP）求解跳远运动，用于运动重建或合成。所提出的跳远模型可生成真实可信的跳远动作。我们分析了实测跳远差异的原因，并提出改进方向。两种运动员的合成结果均显示存在性能提升潜力：无截肢者在模拟中比有截肢者多跳64厘米（6.9%）。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Long jumpers with below the knee amputation (BKA) that take off from their running-specific prosthesis (RSP) improved performances significantly over the last years. The long jump biomechanics differs compared to athletes without BKA and the question arises whether the spring-like properties of the RSP facilitate achieving long jumping distances. The aim of this work is to propose a long jump model for athletes with and without BKA, to evaluate it and to apply it for comparing long jump motions with and without RSP. We establish rigid multi-body system models of one athlete with and one athlete without below the knee amputation (BKA). Long jump motions are computed by solving a specific optimal control problem (OCP) with constraints enforcing a physically correct dynamics, both for motion reconstruction or motion synthesis. With the proposed long jump model, we are able to compute realistic long jump motions. We discuss the causes of differences in measured long jumps and show directions for eliminating them. For both athletes, the synthesized solutions reveal potential for performance improvement. The jumping distance of the athlete without BKA is 64cm (6.9%) longer than the one of the athlete with BKA in the synthesized solutions.
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