不训练即可加速视频目标分割,减少内存占用
RS$^3$-Prune: Read-Sparse, Store-Sparse Token Pruning for Video Object Segmentation

- 在推理时仅用两个钩子,按空间位置筛选参与计算的标记
- 最高提升38.8%帧率,降低13.1%峰值显存,精度几乎不变
- 适合长视频或内存受限设备部署
我们提出RS$^3$-Prune,一种无需训练的令牌剪枝方法,可作为现有视频对象分割(VOS)网络的轻量级推理时钩子。现代VOS模型采用高成本设计:图像编码器为每帧生成密集标记网格,记忆库则累积所有已处理帧的标记以指导后续预测。随着视频变长,标记预算决定单帧延迟和峰值显存。因此这类模型难以应用于长视频或内存受限的实时场景。本文主张压缩记忆库型VOS的关键在于减少标记预算本身。RS$^3$-Prune在任意记忆库型VOS流程中两个精确位置操作:一是在图像编码器与记忆注意力读取之间,仅允许几何感知的小部分查询参与跨帧注意力;二是在记忆编码器与记忆库之间,只允许位于目标空间范围内的标记进入记忆库。在多个标准基准上,该方法实现最高38.8%的FPS提升,显存峰值降低13.1%,同时保持与原模型相当的$/mathcal{J}$&$/mathcal{F}$性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We introduce RS$^3$-Prune, a training-free token-pruning recipe that instantiates as a small set of inference time hooks atop existing video object segmentation (VOS) networks. Modern VOS models have converged on a common, expensive design: an image encoder produces a dense token grid for every frame, and a memory bank accumulates these tokens across all previously processed frames to condition future predictions. As a video grows longer, the resulting token budget governs both per-frame latency and peak GPU memory. Hence these models break on use cases such as --- long-form video or real-time deployment on memory-bounded accelerators. In this work we argue that the right axis along which to compress memory-bank VOS is the token budget itself. RS$^3$-Prune operates in two precise locations within an arbitrary memory-bank VOS pipeline: at the boundary between the image encoder and the memory-attention readout, where we restrict the queries that participate in the cross-frame attention to only a small, geometrically informed subset; and at the boundary between the memory encoder and the memory bank, where we restrict which tokens are ever permitted to enter the bank to those that lie within the object's spatial extent. Over various established benchmarks, RS$^3$-Prune delivers up to $38.8\%$ FPS speedup and reduces $13.1\%$ peak memory usage, while preserving a competitive $\mathcal{J}$&$\mathcal{F}$ compared to the unmodified VOS networks.
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