用单个神经元调节大模型投资倾向,无需改参数或提示词。
Your AI, On a Dial: Controlling Investment Bias in LLMs with a Single Neuron

- 通过干预单一神经元实现投资倾向的连续调节。
- 调节后模型决策与理由中的证据侧重均发生一致变化。
- 适合希望灵活控制模型投资风格的研究者和从业者。
大型语言模型(LLMs)在投资决策中应用日益广泛,但已有研究显示其存在系统性、模型特有的投资偏好。本文探究是否可将模型的整体投资立场校准至指定方向和强度。提出「投资偏见旋钮」——一种推理时对单个神经元的干预,持续调整模型层面的决策先验(即整体买入或卖出倾向),而不针对特定公司或投资属性。基于匹配的正负证据,评估五种开源权重的LLM,发现该旋钮能产生单调的投资立场变化,且不修改提示词或模型参数。在响应层面,旋钮使模型在相同输入下同时改变投资决策和生成理由中的证据侧重。在代理检索设置中,旋钮还影响模型搜索的信息、选择的证据及其最终分析所反映的内容。长上下文评估中,旋钮在上下文长度增加时仍保持稳定立场控制,而匹配的系统提示指令则逐步减弱。进一步实验显示,旋钮变化可传导至证券排名及下游组合构成。总体表明,可在推理时对LLM的总体投资立场进行目标化校准。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in investment decision-making, yet prior work shows that they exhibit systematic, model-specific investment preferences. We study whether a model's overall investment stance can be calibrated to a specified direction and strength. We introduce an investment-bias dial, an inference-time intervention on a single neuron that continuously adjusts a model-level decision prior---its overall tendency toward buying or selling---without targeting specific firms or investment attributes. Using matched positive and negative evidence, we evaluate five open-weight LLMs and find that the dial produces monotonic changes in investment stance without modifying prompts or model parameters. At the response level, the dial shifts both investment decisions and the evidential emphasis of generated rationales under identical inputs. In an agentic retrieval setting, the dial also changes what information the model searches for, which evidence it selects, and which evidence is reflected in its final analysis. In a long-context evaluation, the dial maintains stable stance control as context length increases, whereas a matched system-prompt instruction progressively attenuates. We further show that changes in the dial propagate to security rankings and downstream portfolio composition in an exploratory backtest. Overall, our results show that an LLM's aggregate investment stance can be calibrated toward a specified target at inference time.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。