解决水下场景重建难题,实现高精度实时三维重建。
AquaFlow: A Monocular Gaussian Splatting SLAM for Underwater Streaming Reconstruction

- 用大规模水下数据微调视觉基础模型,提升定位与点云估计鲁棒性。
- 引入中尺度引导的增量初始化策略,支持流式地图构建。
- 融合物理光学模型与神经高斯,有效补偿水下成像失真,适合水下机器人应用。
近期单目3D高斯溅射(3DGS)流式重建方法在重建质量与效率间取得了良好平衡。然而,将此类框架扩展至水下场景仍面临挑战,主要源于严重视觉退化,如光衰减与散射,导致相机位姿跟踪困难并扭曲场景几何结构。为此,本文提出AquaFlow,一种高效的单目高斯溅射流式重建框架,用于高保真水下重建。具体而言,AquaFlow在大规模水下数据上微调3D视觉基础模型,以增强位姿与点云估计的鲁棒性,并引入中尺度引导的增量高斯初始化策略,支持流式映射。此外,我们设计了一种流式兼容的混合场景表示,结合结构化、距离条件化的神经高斯与物理启发的光学模型,以补偿水下图像形成效应,实现精准场景重建。我们在包含62条多样化水下轨迹的综合性数据集上进行评估,数据来源涵盖公开基准与真实网络视频,覆盖多种尺度。大量实验表明,AquaFlow在跟踪与渲染性能上均达到当前最优水平,相较WaterSplat-SLAM平均定位误差降低13.2%,PSNR提升4.74 dB。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent monocular 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) streaming reconstruction methods have achieved impressive performance by balancing reconstruction quality and efficiency. However, extending these frameworks to underwater scenes remains challenging due to severe visual degradation, such as light attenuation and scattering, which degrades camera pose tracking and distorts scene geometry. To address these challenges, we propose AquaFlow, a monocular Gaussian Splatting streaming reconstruction framework for efficient and high-fidelity underwater reconstruction. Specifically, AquaFlow fine-tunes a 3D vision foundation model on large-scale underwater data for robust pose and pointmap estimation, and introduces a medium-guided incremental Gaussian initialization strategy for streaming mapping. Furthermore, we develop a streaming-compatible hybrid scene representation that integrates structured, distance-conditioned neural Gaussians with a physics-inspired optical model to compensate for underwater image formation effects, enabling accurate scene reconstruction. We evaluate AquaFlow on a comprehensive dataset of 62 diverse underwater trajectories, collected from both public benchmarks and in-the-wild web videos across various scales. Extensive experiments demonstrate that AquaFlow achieves state-of-the-art tracking and rendering performance, reducing average localization error by 13.2% and improving PSNR by 4.74 dB compared to WaterSplat-SLAM.
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