arXiv:2608.23054cs.LGcs.CR2026-08中稿 · the 33rd Internati…

用图学习方法可视化轻量加密算法的高概率差分簇,精准识别无误报。

Graph Representation Learning of Lightweight IoT Ciphers

论文配图:Graph Representation Learning of Lightweight IoT Ciphers
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 从部分差分分布表提取4个特征,构建机器学习引导的有向图
  • 三种模型均实现1.0精确率,无误报,KNN聚类分离效果最佳
  • 首次实现差分簇的几何可视化,适合密码分析与安全评估研究者

SIMON和SIMECK是基于费斯泰尔结构的轻量级密码算法(LCAs),专为物联网设备设计。与所有费斯泰尔密码一样,它们易受差分攻击,需严格评估抗性。现有技术多依赖启发式和采样提升效率,但极少采用机器学习引导的图表示学习(GRL)来高效识别并可视化高概率差分簇。本文提出一种高效的特征工程策略,从部分差分分布表(pDDT)中提取四个差分属性,揭示原始差分数据中的结构信息。基于这些增强特征,我们使用KNN、决策树(DT)和随机森林(RF)构建并比较了SIMON32和SIMECK32的三种机器学习引导有向图。据我们所知,该框架首次实现了差分聚类效应的图可视化,其中高概率单比特差分在学习嵌入空间中形成几何邻近簇。所有模型在识别高概率差分时均达到1.0精确率,确认零误报。KNN在聚类分离、F1分数上表现最优,图构建时间约2.3秒;而DT和RF生成路径具有近乎完美的回归性能。结果在两种算法间一致,证明该框架可推广至其他与-旋转型轻量级密码家族。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

SIMON and SIMECK belong to a family of Lightweight Cryptographic Algorithms (LCAs) based on the Feistel block cipher, designed for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. As with all Feistel ciphers, they are susceptible to differential cryptanalysis, necessitating rigorous resilience evaluations. While state-of-the-art techniques leverage heuristics and sampling to improve efficiency, little work has applied Machine Learning (ML) guided Graph Representation Learning (GRL) to efficiently identify and visualise high-probability differential clusters. We address this gap by introducing an efficient feature engineering strategy that extracts four differential attributes from a partial Difference Distribution Table (pDDT), revealing structural information concealed in raw differential data. Utilising the enriched features, we construct and compare three ML-guided directed graphs for SIMON$32$ and SIMECK$32$ using K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Decision Trees (DT), and Random Forests (RF). To the best of our knowledge, our framework produces the first graph-based visualisation of the differential clustering effect, in which high-probability single-bit differentials form geometrically close clusters in the learned embedding. All three models achieve a precision of $1.0$ in identifying high-probability differentials, confirming zero false positives. KNN achieves the strongest cluster separation, the highest F1 score and the lowest graph construction time of approximately $2.3$ seconds, while DT and RF produce optimal paths with near-perfect regression. The results are consistent across both LCAs, demonstrating the applicability of the framework to other AND-rotation LCA families.

图学习密码分析差分攻击轻量加密

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