开源构建可扩展的网络安全智能体,用真实漏洞数据训练出更强防御模型。
CyberFactory: Scaling Cyber Security Capabilities with Instances from the Wild

- 用真实漏洞数据生成可执行任务实例,构建闭环训练流程。
- 训练模型在限定时间内完成52.4%的网络安全任务,性能比基线高22.8点。
- 适合安全研究者和自动化攻防系统开发者使用。
随着大语言模型代码能力不断提升,其在网络安全领域的潜力日益受到关注,闭源模型(如Mythos)已展现出先进能力。然而现有开源方案仍存在局限:前沿开源模型缺乏可复现的网络安全训练方案,开源训练工具聚焦孤立任务且缺少可扩展的智能体数据,而规模化部署需强领域先验知识。本文提出统一开源框架CyberFactory,贯通漏洞发现、补丁生成与安全问答三类任务的数据构建、轨迹合成与模型训练。该框架将真实漏洞数据(如公开CVE)转化为可执行、可验证的任务实例,并利用可复用的漏洞分析技能指导教师进行源码审查、基于先验的问题求解及证据验证。由此生成的监督信号具备智能体特性:模型能与工具和目标环境交互,并根据执行反馈修正方案。基于这些轨迹,我们训练并发布Aegis(希腊神话中宙斯与雅典娜的守护盾,象征其防御性使命),该模型内化了技能引导流程,推理时无需额外技能支持。在CyberGym测试中,Aegis在1小时预算下实现52.4% Pass@1,较Qwen 3.5基线提升22.8点,优于同类通用骨干模型。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance in coding capabilities, their potential in cybersecurity has drawn increasing research attention, with closed-source LLMs (e.g., Mythos) delivering advanced cybersecurity capabilities. However, existing open-source efforts remain limited: frontier open-weight models do not provide reproducible cybersecurity training solutions, open-source training solutions focus on isolated tasks and lack scalable agentic data, and scaling agentic rollouts requires strong domain priors. In this work, we introduce \textbf{CyberFactory}, a unified open-source framework that connects data construction, trajectory synthesis, and model training across proof-of-concept (PoC) generation, vulnerability patching, and cybersecurity question answering (CyberQA). CyberFactory transforms public vulnerability artifacts, including CVEs from the wild, into executable and verifiable task instances. It further uses a reusable vulnerability-analysis skill to guide the teacher through source inspection, problem solving with domain prior, and evidence-based validation. The resulting supervision is agentic: the model interacts with tools and target environments and revises its solutions according to execution feedback. Using these trajectories, we train and release \modelname\footnote{\emph{Aegis} is, in Greek mythology, the protective shield of Zeus and Athena; the name reflects the model's defensive, security-oriented purpose.}, which internalizes the skill-guided procedure without requiring the skill at inference time. On CyberGym, \modelname reaches 52.4% Pass@1 under a one-hour budget, improving over its Qwen~3.5 base model by +22.8 points and outperforming the evaluated general-purpose backbones under the same scaffold.
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