提出可自适应选片的框架,兼顾多样性与质量,减少90%以上选片量
InfoDPP-PAC: Principled Patch Selection for Whole Slide Image Analysis

- 基于高斯过程与确定性点过程,融合质量评估与多样性约束
- 平均用片量减少83.7%,仍保持97.9%的全量选择效果
- 适合需要高效选片的病理图像分析场景,不用于直接诊断
每张全切片图像(WSI)包含数千个组织候选区域,但标注通常仅在整张片子层面。现有方法如均匀采样、手工规则无法控制冗余;注意力机制依赖下游分类器,核心集方法虽优化嵌入空间覆盖却忽略任务相关质量。本文提出InfoDPP-PAC,结合教师引导的高斯过程相关性建模、行列式对数多样性、子模贪心优化及基于浓度的自适应停止规则。理论证明,行列式对数多样性即为所选子集与潜在相关函数间的高斯过程互信息。进一步推导出残差信息增益的PAC型保证,使保留片数可按滑片动态调整。实验在202张胃肠HISTAI WSI上验证:自适应规则平均减少83.7%用片量,同时保持97.9%全预算复合选择质量。在相同预算下,其教师衍生相关性得分最高,多样性与综合得分接近最强核心集方法。结果支持InfoDPP-PAC作为可控质量-多样性-数量的选片框架,而非下游临床预测工具。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Each WSI slide contains thousands of candidate tissue patches, while supervision is usually available only at slide level. Existing bag-construction strategies like Uniform extraction and handcrafted heuristics do not control redundancy while attention-based multiple-instance models couple patch importance to a particular downstream classifier, and coreset methods optimise embedding-space coverage without modelling task-relevant patch quality. We introduce InfoDPP-PAC, a principled patch-selection framework that combines teacher-seeded Gaussian process relevance modelling, determinantal log-determinant diversity,submodular greedy optimisation, and a concentration-based adaptive stopping rule. The main theoretical result shows that the log-determinant diversity term used in DPP-style selection is the Gaussian process mutual information between a selected subset and the latent relevance function. We further derive a PAC-style certificate for residual information gain, allowing the number of retained patches to vary by slide rather than being fixed a priori. The empirical study evaluates whether the selected subset is diverse, spatially and morphologically covering, non-redundant, and enriched for the teacher-derived relevance signal. It does not claim end-to-end diagnostic improvement after retraining a downstream MIL model. On 202 HISTAI gastrointestinal whole-slide images, the adaptive rule uses 83.7% fewer patches on average than a fixed full budget while retaining 97.9% of full-budget composite selection quality. At a matched budget, InfoDPP-PAC achieves the highest mean teacher-derived relevance score among fourteen baselines, with diversity and composite scores close to the strongest coreset methods. The results support InfoDPP-PAC as a controlled quality-diversity-cardinality selection framework, rather than as a downstream clinical predictor.
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