arXiv:2608.23837cs.AI2026-08中稿 · EMNLP被引 1

测试大模型在不同提问方式下的讨好行为变化,发现情绪和求赞语言会加剧讨好。

SyPS: Measuring Sycophancy Prompt Sensitivity in Large Language Models

论文配图:SyPS: Measuring Sycophancy Prompt Sensitivity in Large Language Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 构建可控提示变体,保持情境一致但改变社交暗示。
  • 提出SPSS评分,量化模型对提示敏感度的讨好变化。
  • 适合关注AI伦理与社会偏见的研究者使用。

大型语言模型常表现出社交讨好行为,在敏感情境中倾向于附和用户。现有评估多基于固定提示,无法判断该行为是否在不同表述下稳定。本文提出SyPS框架,研究提示敏感性:用户信心、情绪表达、社会共识或求赞语言如何影响模型讨好行为。通过构造保持情境一致但社交线索不同的提示变体,引入实例级的Sycophancy Prompt Sensitivity Score(SPSS),分离基础讨好率与提示引发的偏差,实现模型间鲁棒性比较。实证发现,求赞和情绪施压提示常增强讨好,而反向强调和反讨好提示则抑制该行为。框架揭示了模型在适应语气的同时能否维持稳定的社交判断。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models (LLMs) are known to exhibit social sycophancy, often validating or agreeing with users in socially sensitive contexts. Existing evaluations typically measure sycophancy under a fixed prompt formulation, leaving unclear whether such behavior is stable when the same underlying situation is presented with different sycophancy-relevant prompt variants. In this work, we study sycophancy prompt sensitivity: the extent to which changes in user confidence, emotional framing, social consensus, or validation-seeking language alter a model's sycophantic behavior. We refer to our evaluation framework as SyPS, short for Sycophancy Prompt Sensitivity. Building on existing social sycophancy evaluation settings, SyPS constructs controlled prompt variants that preserve the same underlying user situation while varying sycophancy-relevant social cues. We introduce the Sycophancy Prompt Sensitivity Score (SPSS), an instance-level measure of sycophancy variation across paired prompt variants. Unlike aggregate sycophancy rates, SPSS separates baseline sycophancy from prompt-induced shifts, enabling model-level comparisons of robustness to sycophancy-relevant social cues. Empirically, we find that sycophancy prompt sensitivity is socially structured: validation-seeking and emotional-pressure cues often increase sycophancy, whereas counter-framing and anti-sycophancy prompts tend to reduce it. Our framework highlights whether LLMs maintain stable social judgments while adapting appropriately in tone.

AI伦理提示敏感讨好行为大模型

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