arXiv:2608.23910cs.LGcs.DS2026-08

提出环上部分最优传输的高效算法,可在10秒内完成大规模数据计算。

Partial Optimal Transport on the Circle for All Transported Masses in O(N log N)

  • 利用自由间隙不变性保持线性结构,避免重复计算
  • 在N=4096时仅需0.56毫秒,比通用求解器快约2700倍
  • 适用于周期性数据如角度、方向、时间等场景

部分最优传输通过保留部分质量不匹配,提升对异常值、遮挡和杂波的鲁棒性。其关键量是完整运输代价曲线——所有运输数量下的最优成本。在实线上,PAWL算法可在$O(N ext{log}N)$时间内完成。然而,大量数据具有周期性特征:角度、相位、方位、一天中时间、色相及大圆投影方向。在环上,该问题引入全局循环或等价于优化切割,朴素精确方法需对每个支持间隙运行一次线性算法,耗时$O(N^2 ext{log}N)$。本文证明此$N$因子可消除。线性结构以无切割形式存在,自由间隙不变性确保每一步更新均有效。由此提出PAWC算法,实现$O(N ext{log}N)$时间、$O(N)$内存,单次运行即可获得全部$K+1$个成本、嵌套活跃集与计划,并给出一个对所有运输数量均最优的单一间隙。沿大圆切片可推广至$ ext{S}^{d-1}$。实验表明,在$N=4096$时整体代价仅需0.56毫秒,相比通用求解器单个运输比例的1.5秒提速显著;在被遮挡、有杂波的mpeg-7形状数据上,固定描述符仅改变代价时,仍保持66%的清洁数据检索得分(平衡环形OT仅16%);在$ ext{S}^2$上,球面切片Wasserstein的拟合误差减半,适用于含污染的目标,包括合成与真实数据。代码已公开于https://github.com/mint-vu/Partial_Wasserstein_on_Circles。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Partial optimal transport compares two measures while leaving part of the mass unmatched, which is what makes it robust to outliers, occlusion, and clutter. The quantity of interest is usually the whole profile - the optimal cost at every transported cardinality - because the right amount to transport is rarely known in advance, and on the real line the PAWL algorithm returns that profile in $O(N\log N)$. Much data is periodic rather than linear: angles, phases, orientations, time of day, hue, and every direction obtained by projecting onto a great circle. On the circle the same problem acquires a global circulation, or equivalently an optimized cut, which the naive exact method handles by running the line algorithm once per support gap, at $O(N^{2}\log N)$. We show that this factor $N$ is unnecessary. The line structure survives in cut-free form, and a free-gap invariant supplies, at every step, a cut at which all previous local updates remain valid line updates. This yields PAWC: an exact $O(N\log N)$ time, $O(N)$ memory algorithm returning all $K+1$ costs, nested active sets and plans in one run, together with a single gap that is simultaneously optimal for every cardinality. Slicing over great circles extends it to $\mathbb{S}^{d-1}$. Empirically the whole profile costs $0.56$ms at $N=4096$ against $1.5$s for a single transported fraction from a general solver; on occluded, cluttered mpeg-7 shapes, holding the descriptor fixed and varying only the cost, it retains $66\%$ of the clean-data retrieval score against $16\%$ for balanced circular OT, and on $\mathbb{S}^{2}$ it halves the fitting error of spherical sliced Wasserstein against contaminated targets, synthetic and real. Code is available at https://github.com/mint-vu/Partial_Wasserstein_on_Circles.

最优传输环上计算高效算法周期数据

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。