用摄像头残差预留光束,让激光雷达更早发现新出现的障碍物。
CARE: Camera-Residual Reserves for First Sightings in Adaptive LiDAR Sensing

- 预留部分扫描预算给摄像头检测但历史未预测到的目标方向。
- 在10%~35%预算下,首次发现召回率提升4.3~5.2点。
- 适合自动驾驶中需快速响应新出现障碍物的场景。
自适应激光雷达扫描将有限感知预算集中在历史目标轨迹预测区域,降低数据量同时保持检测精度。然而现有策略面临三大挑战:依赖历史轨迹的方法难以及时发现新目标;外部区域随机采样缺乏对新目标出现位置的感知;摄像头引导方案会重复扫描已有目标,导致拥挤场景中召回率下降、远距离探测受限。本文提出无需训练的相机残差储备(CARE)机制,将固定光束预算的一部分保留给当前摄像头检测到但轨迹预测无法解释的方向,其余按基础历史策略分配,未使用部分返还随机底池。论文贡献包括:在nuScenes数据集(150场景,4148事件)上建立无泄漏的光束预算评估,严格因果版本使用前一关键帧;CARE在10%、20%、35%预算下,首次发现召回率分别提升5.2、5.2、4.3点,且置信区间不包含零;引入安全边界遗忘模块,对超出速度相关保护距离的运动或静止轨迹释放预算,紧预算下无保护会严重损害近场召回。系统在真实车辆端到端运行,闭环仿真中比历史驱动扫描更早发现遮挡行人并可靠制动。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Adaptive LiDAR scanning concentrates a limited sensing budget on regions of interest predicted from past object tracks, lowering data volume in autonomous driving while maintaining detection accuracy. However, existing scanning policies face three challenges. First, history-driven approaches depend on past tracks, so unseen objects are detected late or missed. Second, random or uniform sampling outside the predicted regions has no awareness of where new objects appear. Third, camera-guided alternatives spend budget on all camera detections, resampling objects already covered, costing recall in crowded scenes and range when budgets are scarce. This paper introduces the CAmera-REsidual reserve (CARE), a training-free allocation rule that reserves part of a fixed ray budget for the directions of current camera detections that the track forecasts cannot explain; the rest follows the base history policy, and unused reserve returns to a random floor. The paper makes three contributions. First, a leakage-free ray-budget evaluation on nuScenes (150 scenes, 4,148 events) measuring the first-sighting loss of history-driven scanning, with a strict-causal variant using the preceding keyframe. Second, CARE raises first-sighting recall by 5.2, 5.2, and 4.3 points at 10%, 20%, and 35% budgets over the history policy, with paired intervals excluding zero; the camera cue drives this gain, and the first-sighting versus overall trade-off is a budget-dependent Pareto choice. Third, a safety-bounded forgetting module that releases budget from receding or static tracks beyond a speed-dependent guard distance; at tight budgets, forgetting without the guard significantly harms near-field recall, so the guard is what keeps it safe. The pipeline runs end to end on a real vehicle and, in closed-loop simulation, detects an occluded pedestrian earlier and brakes more reliably than history-driven scanning.
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