arXiv:2608.25095eess.SYcs.LG2026-08

提出自监督学习框架,实现实时配电系统多相潮流优化。

Scalable Self-Supervised Learning for Multiphase AC-OPF in Distribution Systems with Topology Reconfiguration

  • 无需标签,通过可微潮流求解器直接训练
  • 在8500节点配电网上实现毫秒级推理,速度提升1000倍
  • 支持拓扑重构,适合大规模智能配电网应用

分布式能源在配电系统中的普及使得资产主动协调成为可能,从而降低成本并推动清洁运行。实现这一潜力需要在负载、分布式能源可用性和拓扑重构等变化下快速求解多相交流最优潮流(AC-OPF),其速度与规模远超传统非线性求解器。基于学习的代理模型可实现毫秒级推理,但现有方法主要针对平衡的输电系统,难以扩展至具有多相、不平衡及可重构特性的配电馈线。本文提出惩罚+顺序线性可行性搜索(Penalty+SLFS)算法,一种用于开关引起的拓扑变化下的多相配电系统AC-OPF的自监督学习框架。该方法无需标注最优解,直接从AC-OPF目标函数与约束通过可微固定点潮流求解器进行训练,避免了昂贵的标签生成,并具备鲁棒训练能力。拓扑变化通过阻抗矩阵逆的Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury更新高效处理,同时采用M步雅可比近似加速潮流求解器的反向传播。推理阶段,SLFS可修复不可行预测,提供可行性保障且计算开销极低。在含13至8,500个节点的IEEE馈线测试中,Penalty+SLFS实现了可忽略的最优性间隙和近乎零的约束违反,相比IPOPT提速达三个数量级,且在分布外扰动下仍保持鲁棒,为大规模配电系统实现实时、拓扑感知的AC-OPF提供了可行路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution grids enables the active coordination of these assets to reduce costs and enable cleaner operations. Realizing this potential requires solving multiphase AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) quickly across varying loads, DER availabilities, and topology reconfigurations, at much greater speed and scale than conventional nonlinear solvers. Learning-based surrogates can offer millisecond inference, yet existing methods target largely balanced transmission systems and do not scale to the multiphase, unbalanced, and reconfigurable nature of distribution feeders at utility scale. We present the Penalty + Sequential Linearized Feasibility Seeking (SLFS) algorithm, a self-supervised learning framework for multiphase distribution AC-OPF under switch-induced topology changes. Penalty+SLFS requires no labeled optimal solutions and trains directly from the AC-OPF objective and constraints through a differentiable fixed-point power flow solver, avoiding expensive label generation and admitting robust training procedures. Topology changes are handled efficiently using Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury updates of the admittance-matrix inverse, while an M-step Jacobian approximation accelerates differentiation through the power flow solver. At inference, SLFS repairs any infeasible predictions, providing feasibility guarantees with low computational overhead. On IEEE feeders ranging from 13 to 8,500 nodes, Penalty+SLFS achieves negligible optimality gaps and near-zero constraint violations, delivers up to three orders of magnitude speedups over IPOPT, and remains robust under large distributional shifts, demonstrating a viable path toward real-time, topology-aware AC-OPF for large-scale distribution grids.

潮流优化自监督学习配电网实时控制

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