用代码生成可编辑的3D模型，让机器自动组装零件并验证连接。
Procedura: Agentic 3D Modeling with Procedural Control
- 通过大模型编写参数化程序，按装配图逐步构建3D模型
- 在两个评测基准上优于现有方法，边缘最锐利且支持编辑
- 输出为可修改的结构化程序，适合工业设计与自动化建模
现有3D生成模型虽能从单图恢复精细网格，但缺乏清晰的零件划分、无法编辑，且难以实现硬表面物体应有的锐利边缘。为此，本文提出Procedura——一种基于代码的3D建模代理框架，将3D形状视为可执行的程序。该框架利用大模型规划装配图，逐部分生成参数化程序，通过类型检查、装配约束和连通性验证后才允许加入。一个独立的视觉评判器则逐项修复问题。模型同时支持每部分材质定义与仿真验证的运动结构。在P3D-Bench和MechBench-36两个基准上评估，Procedura在人工评分质量上超越所有先进3D生成器及过往3D代码代理，是唯一输出可编辑零件结构程序的方法，并实现了最锐利的几何边缘。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Native 3D generators now recover impressive mesh geometry from a single image. However, a dense mesh stays soft where a machined object should be sharp, it carries no part decomposition, and it exposes no parameter a user could edit. To address this, we explore the paradigm of 3D shape as code, leveraging and scaling the coding ability of an LLM for 3D modeling. We introduce Procedura, a novel 3D modeling agent framework that writes an object as a procedural assembly, a parametric program whose named parts are joined by typed, machine-checkable mates. From a text prompt, the agent plans the object as an assembly graph and writes the program part by part, solving each placement from the mated frames rather than guessing it, and admitting a part only once compile, mate, and connectivity checks pass. A decoupled vision critic then refines the assembly one diagnosed fix at a time. Moreover, the same graph carries per-part materials and a simulator-validated articulation. We evaluate on P3D-Bench under its assembly judge, and with the same judge on MechBench-36, our hard-surface benchmark. On both, Procedura outperforms state-of-the-art native 3D generators and every prior 3D-code agent on judged quality, produces the sharpest edges of any method we evaluate, and is the only one whose output is an editable, part-structured program.
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