用可重构表面实现薄物稳定抓取,无需复杂控制。
Active Surface-Driven Reconfigurable Gripper: Robust Grasping and Sequential Manipulation of Thin Objects

- 通过主动表面与欠驱动弹性结构结合,实现无需机械臂调整的物体重定位。
- 在平放和竖放场景下抓取成功率高,对书本、纸张等薄物均有效。
- 适合需要连续抓放操作的工业或服务机器人场景。
机器人夹爪在抓取和操作薄物方面面临重大挑战。现有夹爪多依赖高精度运动控制,限制了鲁棒性与适用性。本文以书籍为典型薄物研究对象,提出一种集成主动表面与欠驱动柔性的新型解决方案,实现无需复杂控制的稳定抓取。首先设计了一种具备主动表面的欠驱动夹爪:主动表面拇指可实现手内重定位,无需调整机械臂或其它手指;欠驱动手指提供与环境的顺应接触,可重构结构支持多种配置下的可靠抓取。其次建立夹爪运动学模型,确定两类典型场景(桌面平放、书架竖放)的初始抓取姿态。再次基于书本平放时的物理模型及其与夹爪及环境的相互作用,系统优化结构参数与抓取策略。最后通过大量实验验证方案有效性:在平放薄物(包括书本、纸张、布料、塑料膜、鼠标垫)上表现出强鲁棒性与适应性;竖放书籍抓取成功率高;且能可靠完成长序列“抓取-放置”任务。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Robotic grippers face substantial challenges in grasping and manipulating thin objects. Most existing grippers rely on highly precise approach and grasp motions, which limits robustness and reduces applicability. This paper explores thin-object grasping using books as a representative example. Here, we propose a novel solution that integrates an active surface with underactuated compliance to achieve stable grasping of thin objects without complex control. First, an underactuated gripper with an active surface is designed. The active-surface thumb performs in-hand repositioning of the target book without requiring adjustments of the robot arm or the other fingers, while the underactuated fingers establish compliant contact conditions with the environment, and the reconfigurable structure enables reliable grasping of books under different configurations. Second, we establish a kinematic model of the gripper, and determine the initial grasp postures for two representative scenarios (books lying flat on a desktop and books vertically packed in a shelf). Third, by analyzing the physical model of a book lying on a table and its interaction with the gripper and the environment, we systematically optimize the structural parameters and grasping strategy. Finally, extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed gripper and strategy. The results demonstrate strong robustness and adaptability when grasping thin objects placed flat (including books, paper, fabric, plastic film, and mouse pad), as well as a high success rate when grasping vertically packed books. Moreover, the proposed gripper can reliably complete long sequential "grasp-place" tasks.
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