arXiv:2608.26964cs.LG2026-08

用图结构建模12导联心电图关联,提升诊断性能。

Graph-Based Pseudo-multimodal Contrastive Learning for 12-Lead ECG Representations

论文配图:Graph-Based Pseudo-multimodal Contrastive Learning for 12-Lead ECG Representations
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将心电信号转为GADF图像,构建伪多模态对比学习框架。
  • 在冠状动脉狭窄分类任务中达到接近监督学习的准确率。
  • 适合关注心电图多导联依赖关系与自监督学习的研究者。

12导联心电图是诊断冠状动脉疾病的标准无创检查手段,临床解读依赖于多导联波形模式的比较。然而,现有方法多聚焦单导联信号或独立处理各导联,通常将心电数据视为一维时间序列,使用CNN或RNN建模局部波形变化,难以捕捉导联间依赖关系和全局波形模式。为此,本文提出基于图的伪多模态对比学习框架Graph-CMMC。将心电信号转换为格拉姆角差场(GADF)图像,构建同一心脏活动的互补表示,实现伪多模态学习。利用全部12个导联,Graph-CMMC以自监督方式对齐波形与GADF表示,并通过图结构模块建模导联间依赖关系,强化对比学习中的结构一致性。在多标签冠状动脉狭窄分类任务上的实验表明,该框架性能媲美监督学习方法,验证了GADF作为互补表示的有效性,以及显式图建模导联依赖对学习鲁棒12导联心电图表征的作用。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is a standard, non-invasive examination widely used for diagnosing coronary artery disease, where clinical interpretation relies on comparing waveform patterns across multiple leads. However, most existing ECG analysis methods focus on single-lead signals or treat each lead independently, and typically process ECG signals as one-dimensional time-series data using CNNs or RNNs. While effective in modeling local waveform changes, such approaches have difficulty capturing inter-lead dependency and global waveform patterns essential for clinical diagnosis. To address this limitation, we propose a graph-based pseudo-multimodal contrastive learning framework called Graph-CMMC. ECG waveforms are transformed into Gramian Angular Difference Field (GADF) images to construct complementary representations of the same cardiac activity, enabling a pseudo-multimodal learning setting. Using all 12 leads, Graph-CMMC aligns waveform and GADF representations in a self-supervised manner, while a graph-based relational module is employed to model inter-lead dependency and enforce structural consistency across leads during contrastive learning. Experimental results on a multi-label coronary artery occlusion classification task demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves competitive performance compared to supervised learning methods. These results further suggest the effectiveness of using GADF as a complementary representation and incorporating explicit graph-based modeling of inter-lead dependency for learning robust 12-lead ECG representations.

心电图图神经网络自监督学习多模态

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