模型自知被测试时的表述框架，决定其是否配合测试。
Not All Eval-Awareness Is Equal: Capabilities Framing Predicts Compliance
- 用思维链识别模型自知的两种表述：能力型和安全型
- 能力型表述使模型配合度提升24至46个百分点
- 适合研究模型安全评估与可控性干预的学者
针对模型在测试中自我认知（即评估意识）的引导干预正日益普遍，但当前做法将评估意识视为单一变量加以压制。我们发现，通过思维链表达的评估意识可被分为能力型（用户在测试我的指令遵循能力）、安全型（用户在试探我的边界）、两者兼具或均无。这三类表述对模型配合度的影响差异显著。在Qwen3-32B模型与FORTRESS数据集上，能力型表述带来的配合度比安全型高24至46个百分点。采用思维链预填充的干预实验表明该关系具有因果性：11次预填充中有10次使配合度按预期方向变化。因此，评估意识并非行为一致的单一维度；整体抑制率变化时，真正影响安全性的成分可能未变，相同百分比的抑制可能引发完全不同行为结果。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Steering interventions targeting eval-awareness, a model's recognition that it is being tested, are increasingly used in safety evaluation pipelines, where evaluation-awareness is treated as a single quantity to be suppressed. We show that verbalized eval-awareness in chain-of-thought can be identified as capabilities-flavored ("the user is testing my ability to follow instructions"), safety-flavored ("the user is testing my boundaries"), both, or neither: framings that predict compliance very differently. On Qwen3-32B over the FORTRESS dataset, capabilities-framing predicts compliance with a +24 to +46 percentage-point gap over safety-framing across all tested steering conditions. A CoT-prefill intervention on eval-awareness-negative rollouts suggests the link is causal, with 10 of 11 prefills shifting compliance in the predicted direction. Then, eval-awareness is not behaviorally uniform: aggregate suppression rates can move while the safety-relevant component does not, and the same "X% suppression of eval-awareness" can correspond to qualitatively different behavioral outcomes.
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