arXiv:2608.27424cs.CRcs.AI2026-08被引 1

评测三款AI安全扫描工具,发现判断准确率与可用性需分开看。

Beyond F1: Evaluating Coverage and Failure Recovery in AI Model Security Scanners

论文配图:Beyond F1: Evaluating Coverage and Failure Recovery in AI Model Security Scanners
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 构建合成数据集,区分判断可用性与准确性
  • ModelAudit全覆盖135个样本,但ModelScan仅49.6%完成分析
  • 即使分析失败,其他工具仍能正确识别恶意样本

静态扫描器被广泛用于检测机器学习制品中的可执行或不安全内容,但传统评估指标仅关注能给出有效安全判断的案例。本文在包含170个针对Pickle和PyTorch的合成制品、涵盖145个样本家族的基准上,评估了ModelScan、ModelAudit和Fickling。其中135个有二进制安全真值标签,10个为故意构造的损坏样本。研究明确区分非空覆盖、分析完成度、确定性安全判断、非安全发现及不支持结果。在有标签家族中,ModelAudit对全部135个(100%)产生确定性判断,Fickling为110个(81.5%),ModelScan为67个(49.6%)。在做出确定判断的前提下,ModelScan实现100%精确率、召回率和F1值。Fickling未发现超越ModelAudit与ModelScan组合的新阳性样本。此外,在48个ModelScan未能完成分析的恶意样本中,ModelAudit和Fickling均生成与真值一致的检测结果。结果表明,必须将判断准确性与判断可用性分离,并区分增量检测覆盖率与工具冗余。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Static scanners are increasingly used to identify executable or otherwise unsafe content in machine- learning artifacts, yet conventional evaluation metrics characterize only cases where a scanner yields a usable security judgment. We evaluate ModelScan, ModelAudit, and Fickling using a controlled, artifact-backed benchmark on a synthetic corpus of 170 Pickle and PyTorch focused artifacts across 145 specimen families, 135 of which have binary security ground truth and 10 of which are intentionally malformed without labels. We explicitly distinguish non-N/A coverage, analysis completion, definitive security decisions, non-security findings, and unsupported outcomes. On labeled families, ModelAudit produced definitive security decisions for all 135 families (100%), Fickling for 110 (81.5%), and ModelScan for 67 (49.6%). Conditional on making a definitive judgment, ModelScan achieved 100% precision, recall, and F1. Fickling identified no unique true- positive families beyond those found by the combination of ModelAudit and ModelScan. Furthermore, for the 48 malicious families where ModelScan failed to complete its analysis, both ModelAudit and Fickling generated detections consistent with ground truth. These findings underscore the need to separate judgment accuracy from judgment availability, as well as incremental detection coverage from tool-level redundancy.

安全扫描模型评估覆盖率漏洞检测

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