arXiv:2608.27464cs.AIcs.HC2026-08中稿 · the 6th Workshop o…

解释不是越多越好,要懂用户何时想看、为何想看。

Not All Explanations Are Sought: Information-Seeking Psychology for Human-Centered XAI

  • 用心理学视角分析人如何决定是否要看解释
  • 发现过度或过少追问解释都会出错
  • 适合设计智能系统时考虑用户心理的团队

本文主张人类中心可解释AI(HCXAI)应融合信息寻求心理机制。基于Sharot与Sunstein的信息动机框架,我们提出人们评估是否接受解释,取决于三种预期效用:工具性(能否提升行动效果)、享乐性(能否改善情绪感受)和认知性(能否增进理解)。这些判断受控制幻觉、自动化偏见、不切实际乐观、影响偏差、过度自信和确认偏误等认知偏差影响。这些偏差可能导致两种失败模式:过度追问导致注意力分散却无益决策;追问不足则忽略关键风险与误解。这一挑战在代理型AI系统中尤为突出,解释需支持对连续动作的预判、风险评估及干预决策。因此,我们倡导从提供解释转向设计能激发主动寻求的系统,即理解用户何时何故真正想了解。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This position paper argues that human-centered explainable AI (HCXAI) should incorporate insights from the psychology of information seeking. Drawing on Sharot and Sunstein's framework of information-seeking motives, we propose that people evaluate whether to engage with explanations based on three types of expected utility: instrumental (will it help me act better?), hedonic (will it make me feel better?), and cognitive (will it improve my understanding?). Each utility is estimated through a lens shaped by well-documented cognitive biases, including illusion of control, automation bias, unrealistic optimism, impact bias, overconfidence, and confirmation bias. These biases can lead to two failure modes: excessive information-seeking that fragments attention without improving decisions, and insufficient information-seeking that leaves critical risks and misunderstandings unexamined. This challenge is particularly acute for agentic AI systems, where explanations must support not just understanding a single output but anticipating cascading actions, assessing risks, and deciding when to intervene. By integrating information-seeking psychology into HCXAI, we advocate for a shift from making explanations available to making them sought: designing systems that account for when and why users actually want to know.

可解释AI用户心理认知偏差智能系统

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