用真实病理切片瑕疵训练模型,提升实际诊断鲁棒性。
Destroy Me: Automatic Artifact Generation for Histopathology Images

- 融合扩散模型与物理建模,生成六类真实病理瑕疵。
- 在肺癌腺癌分类中,宏平均F1提升10.5%,一致性系数κ提高15%。
- 针对性增强瑕疵数据,兼顾诊断细节与模型抗干扰能力。
深度学习在病理诊断中的应用受限于对现实数据缺陷的敏感性。现有方法多通过过滤低质量区域来追求‘完美数据’,但可能丢失重要诊断信息。本文提出‘Destroy Me’框架,通过合成真实病理瑕疵实现数据增强,使模型适应不完美环境。该方法结合微调后的Stable Diffusion与基于物理的程序化建模,生成六类常见瑕疵:组织折叠、沉淀物、模糊、拼接错误、灰尘和笔迹标记。采用核互信息距离(KID)和颜色Wasserstein距离评估生成质量。在nnU-Net上验证肺腺癌模式分类任务,结果表明,使用‘破坏后’图像训练的模型在独立真实数据集上持续优于基线,宏平均F1-score相对提升10.5%,Cohen's Kappa(κ)系数相对增加15%。关键发现是,选择性且影响加权的增强策略对平衡实用鲁棒性与细微诊断特征的保留至关重要。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Deep learning's diagnostic utility in pathology is constrained by model vulnerability to real-world data imperfections. While current strategies favor "perfect data" by filtering low-quality regions, which can lead to the loss of valuable diagnostic context, we propose a paradigm shift: engineering models to thrive in imperfect environments using "Destroy Me", a hybrid framework for realistic artifact synthesis and robust data augmentation. Our approach combines Stable Diffusion, fine-tuned to preserve morphological continuity by realistically integrating artifacts with the underlying tissue architecture, with physics-based procedural modeling to synthesize six common artifact types: tissue folds, precipitates, blur, stitching errors, dust, and pen markers. Artifact fidelity is assessed using Kernel Inception Distance (KID) and color Wasserstein distance metrics. Validating this strategy on lung adenocarcinoma pattern classification with an nnU-Net, we confirm that models trained on "destroyed" patches consistently outperform baselines on independent real-world datasets. Specifically, we observed a 10.5% relative improvement in macro F1-score and a 15% relative increase in the Cohen's Kappa ($κ$) coefficient. Crucially, our results demonstrate that selective, impact-weighted augmentation is vital for balancing practical robustness with the preservation of subtle diagnostic features.
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