arXiv:2608.27626quant-phcs.LG2026-08

量子深度算子网络通过谱嵌入提升偏微分方程求解精度,零额外量子开销。

Quantum SEDONet: Spectrally-Embedded Quantum Deep Operator Networks for Partial Differential Equations

论文配图:Quantum SEDONet: Spectrally-Embedded Quantum Deep Operator Networks for Partial Differential Equations
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 为坐标分配匹配边界条件的谱基(傅里叶/切比雪夫),增强特征表达能力。
  • 在4个基准上平均相对L2误差降低超36%,最高达54.1%。
  • 支持单问题内混合谱表示,不增加量子资源消耗,适合量子机器学习研究者。

量子深度算子网络通过在量子计算机上评估正交参数化网络,实现了理想仿真下与经典版本相当的精度,且推理成本更低。然而其主干网络对查询坐标的谱结构利用有限,需依赖非线性自行学习振荡特征。本文提出量子谱嵌入深度算子网络(Quantum SEDONet),根据边界条件为每个坐标分配相应谱基:周期坐标用傅里叶特征,有界非周期坐标用切比雪夫特征。该嵌入按坐标而非问题选择,允许单个问题内同时使用两种表示。在单一振幅编码下,只要维度不超过网络宽度,嵌入不增加量子比特或电路深度,仅使参数量增加约百分之几。在四个基准测试中,量子SEDONet将反导数、对流、Burgers方程及混合边界通道泊松问题的平均相对L2误差分别降低54.1%、49.6%、36.0%和36.2%。量子与经典评估路径在整个过程中保持一致,误差小于10^-8。通道泊松问题在周期方向使用傅里叶特征,有界方向使用切比雪夫特征,验证了无需额外量子资源即可实现坐标级边界匹配的谱嵌入。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Quantum DeepONet accelerates neural-operator inference by evaluating an orthogonally parameterized network on a quantum computer, reproducing in ideal simulation the accuracy of its classical counterpart at asymptotically lower inference cost. Its trunk network, however, receives query coordinates with limited spectral structure, requiring the network to learn oscillatory features through its nonlinearities. We propose Quantum SEDONet (Spectral-Embedded Deep Operator Network), which assigns each trunk coordinate a spectral basis according to its boundary condition: Fourier features for periodic coordinates and Chebyshev features for bounded, non-periodic coordinates. The basis is selected per coordinate rather than per problem, allowing both representations within a single problem. Under unary amplitude encoding, the embedding incurs no additional qubits or circuit depth when its dimension remains within the network width, while increasing the parameter count by only a few percent. Across four benchmarks, Quantum SEDONet reduces the mean relative L2 error by 54.1% for the antiderivative, 49.6% for advection, 36.0% for Burgers, and 36.2% for a mixed-boundary channel Poisson problem. Quantum and classical evaluation paths agree to within 10^-8 throughout. The channel Poisson problem simultaneously uses Fourier features in the periodic direction and Chebyshev features in the bounded direction, demonstrating coordinate-wise boundary-matched spectral embedding without additional quantum-resource cost.

量子机器学习深度算子网络偏微分方程谱方法

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