arXiv:2608.27821cs.LGcs.AI2026-08

提出可行动的特征重要性框架,精准定位干预点,大幅降低用户操作负担。

Actionable CBFI: Integrating Structural Decomposition and Causal Counterfactual Recourse for Tabular Machine Learning

  • 基于结构因果模型,分离关键因果瓶颈并精准定位干预点
  • 干预努力超98.3%集中于根因,人力负担降低76.9%
  • 适合金融、医疗等需高可解释性与可操作性的决策场景

可解释人工智能(XAI)对可行动的反事实归因需求日益增长,但现有方法存在因果无效、认知负荷高、预测失效等问题。全面因果搜索常需修改多个属性,而基于加性归因的方法(如SHAP)忽略高阶特征协同效应,导致复杂非线性模型(如XGBoost)中预测动量不足、干预分散。为此,本文提出可行动案例基特征重要性(A-CBFI),一个诊断-处方一体化的表格机器学习框架。基于结构因果模型(SCMs),A-CBFI识别协同作用瓶颈并解除抑制性结构锁,将其转化为精准干预。数学上将主动干预空间(L_{\mathrm{active}})与下游影响分离,使超过98.3%的干预努力聚焦于诊断出的根因。在金融与医疗领域的实证评估表明,A-CBFI在保持与全面因果基线相当的全局归因成本的同时,将主动人类干预负担降低76.9%。通过优先处理诊断出的因果瓶颈,A-CBFI在保证因果有效性的同时,实现所有因果可行实例的完全相对收敛。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) increasingly calls for actionable counterfactual recourse, yet current methodologies face challenges related to causal invalidity, excessive cognitive burden, and predictive failure. Exhaustive causal search algorithms often require modifications to multiple attributes, whereas additive attribution-guided methods, such as SHAP, ignore higher-order feature synergies, leading to suboptimal predictive momentum and diffuse intervention effort in complex nonlinear models, such as XGBoost. To bridge this gap, we introduce actionable case-based feature importance (A-CBFI), a diagnosis-prescription integrated framework for tabular machine learning. Grounded in structural causal models (SCMs), A-CBFI isolates synergistic interaction bottlenecks and releases suppressive structural locks, translating them into targeted interventions. By mathematically separating the active user intervention space (L_{\mathrm{active}}) from downstream effects and concentrating over 98.3% of the intervention effort on diagnosed root causes, A-CBFI enables highly targeted interventions. Empirical evaluations across the financial and healthcare domains demonstrate that A-CBFI reduces the active human intervention burden by 76.9% while maintaining comparable global recourse cost to exhaustive causal baselines. By prioritizing the diagnosed causal bottlenecks, A-CBFI provides targeted and actionable recourse while maintaining causal validity and achieving full relative convergence across all causally feasible instances.

可解释AI反事实归因因果建模表格数据

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