arXiv:2608.27882cs.LGcs.AI2026-08

用Mamba替代注意力,实现更快更省显存的表格上下文学习

SOMTab: Set-Order Mamba for Efficient Tabular In-Context Learning

论文配图:SOMTab: Set-Order Mamba for Efficient Tabular In-Context Learning
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分两阶段处理:先用Mamba建模行列表示,再用注意力做查询相关预测
  • 在多个表格数据集上接近Transformer模型性能,推理速度更快,显存更低
  • 提出新合成先验DCH-TailMix,增强数据依赖结构多样性

基于上下文学习的表格基础模型近年来成为任务特定模型拟合的有力替代方案。然而,当前性能前沿仍由依赖注意力的架构主导,其在整个建模流程中持续使用注意力机制。这引发一个关键问题:表格上下文学习是否必须在每一步都使用注意力?本文提出SOMTab,一种用于高效表格上下文学习的Set-Order Mamba架构。SOMTab将表示构建与查询条件检索分离:对行和列表示,通过将无序表格标记映射到稳定潜在槽,并应用基于Mamba的状态空间混合以构建紧凑表示;对于最终预测,则保留基于注意力的上下文学习,以保持从已标注上下文样本中获取查询相关检索的能力。此外,本文引入DCH-TailMix,一种结合度修正图异质性与混合重尾分布的合成先验,用于多样化合成依赖结构。在多个表格基准测试中,SOMTab在接近强Transformer基线模型性能的同时,实现了更快的推理速度和更低的GPU内存占用,展现出优越的效率-精度权衡。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Tabular foundation models based on in-context learning have recently emerged as strong alternatives to task-specific model fitting. However, the current performance frontier remains dominated by attention-heavy architectures, where attention is used throughout the modeling pipeline. This raises a natural question: is attention necessary at every stage of tabular in-context learning? We introduce SOMTab, a Set-Order Mamba architecture for efficient tabular in-context learning. SOMTab separates representation construction from query-conditioned retrieval. For row and column representations, it maps unordered table tokens into stable latent slots and applies Mamba-based state-space mixing to construct compact representations. For final prediction, it retains attention-based in-context learning to preserve query-conditioned retrieval from labeled context examples. We further introduce DCH-TailMix, a synthetic prior that combines degree-corrected graph heterogeneity with mixed heavy-tailed regimes to diversify synthetic dependency structures. Across tabular benchmarks, SOMTab approaches the performance of strong Transformer-based tabular foundation models while achieving faster inference and lower GPU memory usage, yielding a favorable efficiency--accuracy trade-off.

表格学习Mamba上下文学习高效模型

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