arXiv:2608.27883cs.LGphysics.comp-ph2026-08

用超图小波学习偏微分方程,提升复杂几何下的模拟精度与稳定性。

Beyond Pairwise Graphs in Science: Hypergraph Adaptive Wavelet Operators for Parametric PDEs

论文配图:Beyond Pairwise Graphs in Science: Hypergraph Adaptive Wavelet Operators for Parametric PDEs
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将物理域升维为超图,在谱小波域中学习非局部耦合关系。
  • 在2D/3D结构与非结构网格上达到最优或接近最优精度,支持多步滚动预测。
  • 适用于工业级气动几何,保持分辨率不变性,优于固定离散化Transformer。

物理系统常通过映射算子建模,将输入场、参数、几何或历史状态映射为稳态或未来状态。学习这些映射对时变系统尤其困难,需融合历史信息并保证自回归推演的稳定性。多数神经算子在规则网格上表现良好,但真实仿真常需非结构网格或点云以解析复杂几何,此时网格中心表示易损失精度。图神经算子通过消息传递或谱图滤波处理此类领域,但成对边无法直接捕捉网格单元间、局部邻域或守恒体积的群组耦合。本文提出超图自适应小波算子(HALO),将域升维至超图,并在其谱小波域中学习。通过切比雪夫多项式小波滤波避免显式超图拉普拉斯特征分解,实现线性稀疏矩阵开销下的局域谱核。其可训练的二进制小波尺度经紧框架正则化,使频响自适应每类偏微分方程,同时保障多尺度谱覆盖的稳定性。在2D和3D结构与非结构离散化基准测试中,HALO在频率、Transformer、DeepONet、状态空间及图基基线中达到最优或近最优精度,且维持稳定的多步滚动预测。同一模型可扩展至工业级气动几何:在数百万点的网格上,性能媲美甚至超越最强的固定离散化Transformer,同时保持分辨率等变性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Physical systems are often modeled by solution operators that map input fields, parameters, geometries, or past states to steady or future physical states. Learning these maps is difficult, especially for time-dependent systems that must assimilate history and remain stable under autoregressive rollout. Many neural operators work best on regular, structured grids, while realistic simulations often require unstructured meshes or point clouds to resolve complex geometries; in such settings, grid-centric representations can lose accuracy. Graph neural operators handle these domains through message passing or spectral graph filtering, but pairwise edges do not directly capture group-wise couplings among mesh cells, local neighborhoods, or conservation volumes. We introduce the Hypergraph Adaptive waveLet Operator (HALO), which lifts the domain to a hypergraph and learns in its spectral wavelet domain. HALO avoids explicit hypergraph-Laplacian eigendecomposition through Chebyshev polynomial wavelet filters, giving localized spectral kernels at linear sparse-matrix cost. Its trainable dyadic wavelet scales are regularized toward tight-frame coverage, allowing the frequency response to adapt to each PDE while encouraging stable multi-scale spectral coverage. Across 2D and 3D benchmarks on structured and unstructured discretizations, HALO achieves best or near-best accuracy among frequency-, transformer-, DeepONet-, state-space-, and graph-based baselines and sustains stable multi-step rollouts. The same model scales to industrial aerodynamic geometries: on meshes of a few hundred thousand points it is on par with, or better than, the strongest fixed-discretization transformers, while remaining resolution-equivariant.

偏微分方程超图网络小波变换神经算子

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