arXiv:2608.28393cs.AIcs.LG2026-08中稿 · ReSys 2026 RecTemp…

用生存模型直接预测复购时间,提升电商推荐效率与精度。

Timing-Aware Repurchase Prediction for Web-Scale E-Commerce: Survival Models for Multi-Surface Grocery Recommendation

论文配图:Timing-Aware Repurchase Prediction for Web-Scale E-Commerce: Survival Models for Multi-Surface Grocery Recommendation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 采用生存分析直接预测复购时间,替代多个时间窗口的二分类模型。
  • 对数正态模型拟合优度最高(R²=0.998),指数AFT模型校准误差仅1e-4。
  • 同一模型适配不同场景:概率型界面用指数AFT,排序场景用对数正态。

电商平台的复购推荐通常被建模为二元问题:‘客户在W天内是否会购买该商品’,这种设定需为每个时间窗口训练独立模型。本文改用生存模型直接预测复购时间,并在某大型生鲜电商平台的数百万用户数据上评估了30余种配置。研究有三方面贡献:第一,实证分析显示边际风险呈轻微下降趋势(k ~ 0.9),与普遍认为‘越久未购越可能复购’(k > 1)的直觉相反;对数正态模型在边际拟合上表现最佳(R² = 0.998),且排名效果最优,尽管威布尔模型在条件残差拟合上更优,揭示出显著差异并深入分析。第二,单一加速失效时间(AFT)模型取代三个按时间窗口划分的二分类器,在各自窗口性能相当或更优的同时,树数量减少约3倍;特征重要性变化:渠道频次与近期行为权重上升,总体频率统计权重下降。第三,四参数参数化校准将原始生存累积分布函数映射为各时间窗口概率,无跨窗口单调性违反;不同AFT模型校准质量差异达一个数量级:指数AFT(Weibull k=1)实现预期校准误差(ECE)~1e-4,约为对数正态模型的1/10,而排名指标差异仅0.3%相对。因此,选择指数AFT用于需概率输出的界面,对数正态用于纯排序任务,体现了单一体系内的校准-排序权衡原则。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Repurchase recommenders in e-commerce are commonly framed as a binary question asking "will this customer buy this item within W days", a formulation that requires a separately trained model for every horizon of interest. We replace this stack with survival models that predict time-to-repurchase directly, and evaluate them on millions of customers from a major grocery e-commerce platform across more than thirty ablation configurations. Our study makes three contributions. First, an empirical hazard analysis reveals a slightly decreasing marginal hazard (k ~ 0.9), differing from the common intuition that grocery items become more likely to be repurchased the longer since the last purchase (increasing hazard, k > 1). Log-Normal achieves the best marginal fit (R^2 = 0.998) and the best ranking, despite Weibull providing the best conditional residual fit, revealing an apparent discrepancy we analyze in detail. Second, a single Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) model replaces three per-horizon binary classifiers, matching or exceeding each at its own horizon while using roughly 3x fewer total trees. Feature importance reshuffles under the survival objective: channel-cadence and recency signals rise while aggregate frequency counts fall. Third, a 4-parameter parametric calibration maps raw survival CDFs to per-horizon probabilities with zero cross-horizon monotonicity violations. Calibration quality varies by an order of magnitude across the AFT family: Exponential AFT (Weibull k=1) achieves expected calibration error (ECE) ~1e-4, roughly 10x lower than Log-Normal, while ranking metrics agree within 0.3% relative. We adopt Exponential AFT for probability-consuming surfaces and Log-Normal for pure ranking, exposing a principled calibration-ranking trade-off within a single AFT family.

生存模型复购预测推荐系统概率校准

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