用神经网络实时生成等离子体形状控制参数,实验验证可行。
Real-time virtual circuits for plasma shape control via neural network emulators: experimental demonstration on MAST Upgrade

- 用神经网络代理模型实时更新控制参数,替代传统离线查表。
- 在MAST-U实验中成功实现多种复杂工况下的实时形状控制。
- 无需人工调参,可自动在线生成控制策略,适合未来聚变装置部署。
托卡马克中的传统等离子体形状控制依赖于基于少量参考平衡态线性化的虚拟回路(VCs),这些回路在放电过程中以预先设定的调度方式部署。本文首次实验验证了实时虚拟回路的可行性:将预设查表替换为利用等离子体响应代理模型实时更新的虚拟回路,同时保留原有控制架构与可解释性。前期研究已表明神经网络代理模型能准确生成虚拟回路,并在闭环形状控制仿真中表现良好。本工作在MAST Upgrade(MAST-U)上完成首次实验验证。涵盖不同场景的专项实验,包括指定形状扰动、反馈驱动的偏滤器腿运动及强演化等离子体构型,均证明实时虚拟回路可在MAST-U控制系统中实现等离子体形状控制任务。结果确立了实时线性化作为托卡马克传统形状控制的实际延伸,是简化控制流程的关键一步——无需针对特定场景重新训练,即可由训练好的代理模型在线自动生成虚拟回路。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Conventional plasma shape control in tokamaks relies on virtual circuits (VCs) that are computed offline from linearisations around a small, tailored number of reference equilibria, and deployed as expertly prepared schedules during the discharge. Here, we report on the first experimental deployment of real-time VCs. We replace pre-set look up tables with VCs updated in real time using surrogates of the plasma response. Both the existing control architecture and the interpretability of VC-based control are retained. Previous work showed that neural network emulators can produce accurate VCs, and validated their performance in closed-loop shape control simulations. Here, we report their first experimental validation on MAST Upgrade (MAST-U). Dedicated experiments spanning different scenarios, including prescribed shape perturbations, feedback-driven divertor-leg motion, and strongly evolving plasma configurations, show that real-time VCs can realise plasma shape control tasks within the MAST-U plasma control system. These results establish the experimental feasibility of real-time linearisations as a practical extension of conventional plasma shape control in tokamaks. The present implementation demonstrates a central step towards a simpler control workflow, in which manually constructed, phased VC schedules are replaced by VCs generated automatically online from a trained surrogate model, without scenario-specific retraining.
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