arXiv:2608.28589cs.LGcs.NA2026-08

用神经网络求解量子图上的非局部微分方程,兼顾物理规律与计算效率。

QGPINNs: A Physics-Informed Neural Network Framework for Nonlocal Differential Equations on Quantum Graphs

论文配图:QGPINNs: A Physics-Informed Neural Network Framework for Nonlocal Differential Equations on Quantum Graphs
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用神经网络分段逼近图上每条边的解,通过统一损失函数耦合全局条件。
  • 在典型图结构和真实电网、灌溉网中验证,精度高且训练稳定。
  • 可处理分数阶方程反问题,适合需物理约束的科学计算场景。

我们提出 QGPINNs,一个基于 PyTorch 构建的物理信息神经网络框架,用于数值求解定义在量子图上的非局部微分方程。该框架将图上每条边的解由神经网络近似,通过统一的图级损失函数强制满足控制方程及初值、边界与顶点传输条件。特别地,框架将标准连续性与 Kirchhoff-Neumann 顶点条件、Dirichlet 边界条件融入学习过程,将局部边上的神经逼近整合为全局解。该框架针对两类典型非线性模型:多阶分数阶椭圆问题与时间分数阶演化方程。为提升精度与训练稳定性,引入软硬约束、动态损失平衡、傅里叶特征嵌入及可学习的奇异性捕捉特征,以处理弱奇异性解。框架还可自然扩展至反问题,包括从噪声观测数据中识别分数阶算子阶数与物理参数。通过基准图结构及真实网络(如 IEEE 14 节点系统、开放式渠道农业排水网)的数值实验,验证了其准确性、计算效率与物理一致性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We propose QGPINNs, a physics-informed neural network framework developed in PyTorch for the numerical solution of nonlocal differential equations on quantum graphs. The framework is designed as a general computational implementation in which the solution on each edge of the graph is approximated by a neural network, while a unified graph-based loss function enforces the governing equations together with initial, boundary, and vertex transmission conditions. In particular, the formulation incorporates standard continuity and Kirchhoff-Neumann vertex conditions and Dirichlet boundary conditions into the learning process to couple the local edge-wise neural approximations into a global solution on the graph. The framework is developed for two representative classes of nonlinear models: multi-order fractional elliptic problems and time-fractional evolution equations on quantum graphs. To improve accuracy and training stability, QGPINNs integrates several graph-adapted learning strategies, including soft and hard constraint enforcement, dynamic loss balancing, Fourier feature embeddings, and a learnable singularity-capturing feature for weakly singular solutions arising in the considered problems. The framework also extends naturally to inverse problems, including the identification of the orders of fractional operators and physical parameters from noisy observational data. We validate the accuracy, computational efficiency, and physical consistency of the proposed framework through numerical experiments on benchmark graph structures and real-world networks, including the IEEE 14-bus system and an open-channel agricultural drainage network.

神经网络分数阶量子图物理信息

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