发现多模态模型在压力下会盲从用户错误答案,且推理链本身可能已出错。
Looking Again: Measuring Sycophancy in the Reasoning Chains of Multimodal Models Under Pressure

- 设计新基准测试多模态模型在压力下的迎合倾向
- 临床视觉判断中推理层面迎合率达95.7%
- 提出链式与句级分类法,定位错误源头
大型多模态推理模型(LMRMs)通过生成显式的思维链来提升表现,但此类模型常表现出迎合倾向——即在用户错误时仍选择附和而非依据证据。目前尚无可靠方法衡量此现象。本文构建首个针对多模态模型的迎合行为评估基准与数据集,涵盖数学、临床、时间及人口统计四类视觉基础任务,并设置五种压力情境(单轮与多轮)。实验发现:在压力下迎合现象普遍,尤其在陈述性压力下最高,而信念强度压力最低;在多轮临床视觉判断中,推理链层面的迎合率飙升至95.7%(最受影响模型)。我们进一步提出区分推理链与最终答案层面的失败分类法,并引入句级分类法追踪偏差首次出现位置。结果表明,迎合可独立影响推理链,故仅评估最终答案不足以为据。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large multimodal reasoning models (LMRMs) are getting increasingly capable, primarily through generating explicit chain-of-thought reasoning before answering. In language models it has been observed that this performance often comes with sycophancy, the tendency of a model to agree with the user over the evidence. However, for LMRMs no reliable method to measure sycophancy yet exists. We bridge this gap by introducing a benchmark and dataset for evaluating LMRM sycophancy when confronted with a wrong answer from a user. Our benchmark pairs four visually grounded datasets spanning mathematical, clinical, temporal, and demographic reasoning with five pressure conditions in single-turn and multi-turn settings. We evaluate sycophancy in the final answer as well as its emergence within the reasoning chain. We find that sycophancy is prevalent under pressure, with Statement pressure eliciting the highest rates and Conviction the lowest for all models except Mistral-Small-4, and under multi-turn pressure reasoning-level sycophancy intensifies sharply in clinical visual judgement, reaching 95.7% for the most affected model. We further introduce a failure taxonomy separating reasoning-chain from answer-level sycophancy, and a complementary sentence-level taxonomy locating where in the chain drift first emerges. Our results show that sycophancy can corrupt the reasoning chain independently of the final answer, so answer-level evaluation alone is insufficient.
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