arXiv:2608.28646cs.AI2026-08中稿 · ICLR

用可审计的后置校验层,让大模型理财建议不违规。

BiasMix-Finance: Post-Generation KYC Guardrails for LLM Portfolio Advice

论文配图:BiasMix-Finance: Post-Generation KYC Guardrails for LLM Portfolio Advice
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 生成后通过严格校验和凸优化修正,确保投资组合合规。
  • 85.7%的原始建议违反风险/费用/分散化限制,修正后全合规。
  • 适合关注AI理财安全、需高可信度输出的研究者与从业者。

大型语言模型(LLMs)生成的ETF投资组合虽看似合理,却可能暗中违反风险、费用和分散化等基本KYC约束。在多轮智能体式咨询系统中,每轮建议都可能被当作真实动作执行,亟需可审计的防护机制。本文提出一种模型无关、资产无关的生成后校验管道:(i) 强制采用严格JSON分配格式,(ii) 验证分配是否超出数值上限,(iii) 若存在违规,通过凸二次规划(QCQP)确定性地将输出投影至最近可行解。引入BiasMix-Finance(Mini)——一个包含16只ETF、3类投资者画像和8种偏见提示的小型压力测试基准。在三个模型和三种推理模式下,首次生成有47.6%-85.7%的案例违反至少一项限制(综合67.2%),但经凸投影修正后,最终违规率为0%,且修正距离中位数为||w*-w0||₂=0.066,表明原意图基本保留。报告了置信区间与多重检验校正后的配对模型比较结果。为支持可复现性,已公开数据集、提示、约束条件与代码。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models (LLMs) can generate plausible-sounding ETF portfolios while silently violating basic KYC-style constraints on risk, fees, and diversification. This is especially problematic in agentic multi-turn advisory systems, where each draft recommendation can become an action unless guarded by an auditable enforcement layer. We study a model-agnostic, asset-agnostic post-generation guardrail pipeline: (i) enforce a strict JSON allocation schema, (ii) validate allocations against numeric caps, and (iii) when violations occur, deterministically project the output to the nearest feasible portfolio via a convex quadratic program (QCQP). We introduce BiasMix-Finance (Mini), a compact stress-test benchmark for constrained decision-making under biased LLM generations, with a 16-ETF universe, three investor profiles, and eight bias prompts. Across three models and three inference modes (direct, critique, self-consistency), first-pass generations violate at least one cap in 47.6-85.7% of test cases (67.2% pooled), but the convex projection layer reduces final feasibility violations to 0% while requiring only a small correction distance (test pooled median D=||w*-w0||_2=0.066), indicating that the guardrail typically preserves the intent of the original allocation. We report violation rates and correction distances with confidence intervals, and paired model comparisons with multiple-testing correction. To support reproducibility, we release the dataset, prompts, caps, and code in our public GitHub repository.

大模型安全金融合规生成校验

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