用扩展元数据自动精准定位知识图谱数据源,省去查询时的通信开销。
RENSA: Rich Environment Metadata to Navigate Shared and Distributed Endpoints for Automated Federated SPARQL Query Generation
- 基于扩展的元数据构建查询路径,无需运行时询问即可确定数据来源。
- 生成的元数据仅占原数据1%以下,存储高效且能跨异构数据源识别信息。
- 适合需要高效联邦查询的知识图谱系统开发者和数据集成研究者。
随着知识图谱技术的普及,知识图谱数据库数量显著增长。知识图谱可通过联邦SPARQL查询实现分布式数据的动态整合,但因缺乏跨去中心化数据集的详细结构知识,高效构建查询仍具挑战。现有标准如VoID提供的元数据不足以捕捉复杂关联与权威分布,导致当前引擎常依赖运行时ASK查询进行源选择,增加通信开销。本文提出RENSA框架,基于对SPARQL Builder Metadata(SBM)的扩展,融合类与权威信息,将主体和客体使用映射到特定谓词,实现无需运行时通信的精确源选择与查询变量语义约束推断。生成的元数据在多数情况下不足原始数据三元组的1%,保证存储效率。在LargeRDFBench基准测试(13个数据集,超过10亿三元组,32个查询)中,RENSA达到与顶尖方法相当的源选择效果,同时消除ASK查询开销。此外,证明了其可推断查询变量的类与权威约束,支持跨异构端点的数据源识别,且这些元数据提供人类可读的结构洞察,助力半自动化查询生成。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The number of knowledge graph databases has increased significantly with the proliferation of knowledge graph technologies. Knowledge graphs enable the dynamic integration of distributed data through federated SPARQL queries. However, constructing efficient queries in a federated environment is challenging due to the lack of detailed structural knowledge across decentralized datasets. While standards like VoID provide basic metadata, they often fail to capture the complex interlinks and authority distributions necessary for optimization. Consequently, current engines frequently rely on runtime ASK queries for source selection, increasing communication overhead. We propose RENSA, a federated SPARQL query generation framework that leverages an extension of SPARQL Builder Metadata (SBM). By integrating class and authority information, mapping subject and object usage to specific predicates, RENSA enables precise source selection and semantic constraint inference for query variables without runtime communication. The generated profiles represent less than 1\% of the original dataset triples in most cases, ensuring storage efficiency. Evaluation on the LargeRDFBench benchmark (13 datasets with >1B triples, 32 queries) shows that RENSA achieves source selection results comparable to state-of-the-art methods while eliminating ASK query overhead. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RENSA infers class and authority constraints for query variables, enabling the identification of data sources even across heterogeneous endpoints. These profiles additionally offer human-readable structural insights for semi-automated query generation.
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