无需训练的视频水印,签名可离线验证且抗重编码。
Asymmetric Phase Coding Video Watermarking

- 用相位谱嵌入Ed25519签名,无需共享密钥
- 1024比特签名在1000段视频中99.3%成功验证
- 支持真实显示-拍摄循环,适合版权保护场景
现有视频水印系统均为对称设计:验证方拥有提取权重或生成密钥,即可同时嵌入与验证。基准测试表明白盒伪造可攻破所有方法。本文提出一种免训练视频水印,消除共享密钥。签名者将完整Ed25519签名嵌入色度平面的相位谱;任何持有32字节公钥及公开每视频元数据的方均可离线验证,无需模型、注册表或网络。载荷为1024比特带纠错的签名,较常见学习型载荷高一个数量级,由三项设计实现:基于游程长度的时间布局使解码器通过相关性识别载荷组,不读帧索引;无载荷搜索从载体本身恢复缩放、旋转与平移;闭环签名流程通过不变的公共验证器自验证,选择每视频嵌入强度。在1000段未经筛选的真实视频上,系统对99.3%的样本成功发送可验证签名,1000次尝试中零次接受错误公钥。攻击感知接受门控使嵌入在H.264重编码下保持100%存活率,50%缩放下97.4%存活率(经门控片段)。签名亦可通过真实显示-拍摄循环验证,此环节此前未被发表评估覆盖。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Existing video watermarking systems are symmetric: the party that can verify a mark holds the extractor weights or generator secret and can therefore also embed one. Benchmarks confirm the consequence, reporting that white-box forgery defeats all evaluated methods. We present a training-free video watermark that removes the shared secret. The signer embeds a complete Ed25519 signature into the phase spectrum of the chroma plane; any party holding the 32-byte public key and public per-video metadata verifies offline, with no model, no registry, and no network. The payload, 1024 bits of signed message with error correction, is an order of magnitude above common learned payloads and is carried by three design elements: a run-length temporal layout whose decoder identifies payload groups by correlation and never reads a frame index, a payload-free search that recovers scale, rotation, and translation from the carrier itself, and a closed-loop signing procedure that selects each video's embedding strength by self-verification through the unchanged public verifier. On 1000 uncurated real-world clips the system ships a verifying signature for 99.3% of the corpus and accepts a wrong public key zero times in 1000 attempts. An attack-aware acceptance gate yields embeddings that survive H.264 re-encoding at 100% and 50% rescaling at 97.4% on gated clips. The signature also verifies through a real display and capture loop, an axis absent from published evaluations.
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