arXiv:2608.29453cs.CLcs.AI2026-08

AI在医疗决策中易受他人言辞影响,需警惕误导风险。

AI Can Be Easily Persuaded in Clinical Decision Making

论文配图:AI Can Be Easily Persuaded in Clinical Decision Making
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过控制实验测试不同因素对AI决策的影响
  • 资深医生比学生说服力高10%,虚构观点可让AI偏离正确判断
  • 适合关注AI安全、医疗辅助系统设计的研究者

随着人工智能在临床实践中的日益融合,其在医学决策中的作用不断增大。然而,医学是高风险且基于证据的领域,决策直接影响患者生命。因此,理解人工智能在外界劝说下能否保持客观判断至关重要。本文通过控制实验研究了人工智能被说服的难易程度。结果发现,专业权威、国家背景、机构隶属、声称的历史表现、多位医师意见、支持临床观点以及重复施压等因素均会影响AI决策。令人惊讶的是,同一说服内容来自资深医生时,约有10%的案例被改变,远高于医学生。仅声称更好的过往表现即可显著提升说服力。更显著的是,一个看似合理的临床观点即使虚构以支持错误结论,也能成功说服AI偏离正确判断。这表明人工智能容易受说法内容、说话人身份及表达方式影响,难以可靠判断临床观点是否真实正确。这些发现提示,在高风险医疗决策中,必须确保AI具备抵御不当说服的能力,才能实现安全可靠的使用。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

As AI becomes increasingly integrated into clinical practice, it is playing a growing role in medical decision making. Medicine, however, is a high stakes and evidence based field, where decisions can directly affect patients' lives. It is therefore important to understand whether AI can maintain objective judgment when others try to persuade it. In this paper, we study how easily AI can be persuaded through controlled experiments. We find that professional authority, national background, institutional affiliation, claimed past performance, multiple physicians, supported clinician views, and repeated pressure can all affect AI decisions. Surprisingly, the same persuasive input changes about 10% more cases when it comes from a senior clinician than from a medical student. Simply claiming a better performance history consistently makes the physician more persuasive. More strikingly, a plausible clinician view can persuade AI away from a correct decision even when it is fabricated to support an incorrect answer. This indicates that AI can be strongly influenced by convincing support without reliably determining whether this view from the clinician is correct. Together, these findings suggest that AI can be easily persuaded by what people say, who says it, and how the opinion is presented. Therefore, it is essential for AI to maintain sound judgment under persuasion, enabling its safe and reliable use in high stakes medical decision making.

AI医疗决策偏差说服机制

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