用智能手表数据训练模型,自动提取健康信息,提升疾病预测能力。
Learning Human Health and Diseases from 24-hour Wrist Movement

- 自监督学习原始腕部运动数据,生成通用健康表征
- 在12万多人数据上验证,显著提升52种疾病的分类效果
- 特别擅长神经精神类疾病预测,适合大规模健康监测
人类健康与功能的大部分表现发生在临床之外,通过日常活动中的运动体现。腕戴加速度计可连续记录这些运动,但其丰富信号常被简化为少量预设行为指标。本文提出Sensori,一种自监督基础模型,直接从24小时原始三轴腕部运动数据中学习通用健康表征。我们在英国、中国和美国的四个群体队列中开发并评估该模型,涵盖122,640名参与者,贡献了683,617人天的自由生活记录。Sensori将每日运动压缩为包含多种运动行为、人口统计特征、健康维度和身体功能的表征。在独立队列中的评估表明,这些表征无需再训练即可跨人群和测量环境泛化。加入常见临床协变量后,Sensori显著提升了102个可评估条件中52种疾病的分类性能(中位数delta AUROC 0.060;范围0.012–0.242),以及87个可评估条件中26种新发疾病风险预测(中位数delta Uno's C-index 0.064;范围0.025–0.172),对神经系统和精神类疾病提升最大。这些发现确立24小时腕部运动作为丰富且可扩展的健康信息来源,具备支持大规模被动健康监测与疾病预测的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Much of human health and function unfolds beyond the clinic, through the movements of everyday life. Wrist-worn accelerometers capture these movements continuously, yet their rich signals are often reduced to a small set of predefined behavioural summary measures. Here, we present Sensori, a self-supervised foundation model that learns general-purpose health representations directly from 24 hours of raw tri-axial wrist movement. We developed and evaluated the model across four population-based cohorts from the United Kingdom, China and the United States, comprising 122,640 participants contributing 683,617 person-days of free-living recordings. Sensori condensed each day of movement into a representation that captured diverse movement behaviours, demographic characteristics, health axes and physical function. Evaluation in independent cohorts showed that these representations generalised across populations and measurement settings without retraining. When added to common clinical covariates, Sensori significantly improved prevalent disease classification for 52 of 102 eligible conditions (median delta AUROC, 0.060; range, 0.012-0.242) and incident disease risk prediction for 26 of 87 eligible conditions (median delta Uno's C-index, 0.064; range, 0.025-0.172), with the largest gains for neurological and psychiatric disorders. These findings establish 24-hour wrist movement as a rich and scalable source of health information, with the potential to support passive health monitoring and disease prediction at population scale.
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