arXiv:2608.29608cs.LGcs.AI2026-08

学习能提升获取关键证据的能力,即使硬件和资源不变。

Wide Learning: Learning to Reach Evidence

论文配图:Wide Learning: Learning to Reach Evidence
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过学习调整实验策略,扩大可获取证据的范围。
  • 校准后诊断成功率从1/1024升至1,风险从0.5降至0。
  • 适合关注系统自主发现能力的研究者阅读。

机器学习通常在证据接口固定后进行评估:数据集、传感器、查询语言、动作集合或实验协议决定了可观测内容,学习效果则基于从中提取的信息。本文研究互补能力:学习者的状态可在有限资源下决定其能可靠实现的证据生成实验,即使基本能力保持不变。我们称此为学习者相对的「有效认知范围」,并提出广义学习(Wide Learning)来实现任务相关的范围扩展。通过一个受控构造,两个隐藏世界具有完全相同的公开观测规律。在固定五种基本能力的底座上,存在一个信息诊断。校准前,一次尝试成功概率不超过2⁻¹⁰ = 1/1024,低于预设0.95阈值;校准后,保留样本的成功率为1。公共信道总变差为0,而实际实现的诊断总变差为1,封闭二元风险从约1/2降至0。该构造证明,即使基本能力与部署资源固定,学习仍可改变有效认知范围。它为学习系统提出了新的评估维度:不仅看从已有证据中推断什么,更要看经验教会它们如何让哪些有信息量的证据变得可及。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Machine learning is usually evaluated after an evidence interface has been fixed. A dataset, sensor suite, query language, action set, or experimental protocol determines which observations can be obtained, and learning is judged by what it extracts from them. We study a complementary capability. A learner's state can determine which evidence-generating experiments it can reliably realise under bounded resources, even when primitive affordances remain fixed. We call this learner-relative experiment family its effective epistemic reach, and use Wide Learning for task-relevant learning-induced changes in that family.We formalise effective reach relative to learner state, deployment budget, reliability threshold, and evaluation distribution. In a controlled construction, two hidden worlds have exactly the same public observation law. An informative diagnostic exists in a fixed five-primitive substrate. Before calibration, one address attempt realises it with probability at most $2^{-10} = 1/1024$, below a pre-specified 0.95 threshold; after calibration, held-out realisation is 1. Public-channel total variation is 0, whereas the realised diagnostic has total variation 1, and sealed binary risk moves from approximately 1/2 to 0. The construction establishes that learning can change effective epistemic reach even when primitive affordances and deployment resources are held fixed. It opens a complementary evaluation question for learning systems: not only what they infer from available evidence, but what informative evidence experience teaches them to bring within reach.

学习机制认知范围实验设计

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