问什么语言决定推荐谁,而非你在哪里。
The Language of the Question Selects the Market: Query Language and Exit IP as Separable Factors in Commercial Recommendations from a Generative Search Interface
- 用六种语言在四国测试,发现语言影响推荐结果
- 同地区不同语言下,本地品牌出现率差4倍以上
- 语言与位置可分离,语言决定市场归属
当生成式搜索界面回答商业问题时,其推荐的产品市场由查询语言决定,而非用户所在位置。我们在2026年8月29日和30日对未登录的ChatGPT网页端及OpenAI API进行了234次受控测试,覆盖四个出口国家和六种查询语言,每组条件重复6次。结果显示:第一,前一名推荐不稳定——六次相同提问中有四次提示不同,且浏览器与API端、启用或关闭网络搜索的结果一致,说明不稳定性来自系统本身;第二,查询语言决定本地供应商是否出现:当语言匹配国家时,全球品牌仅胜1/24次;而用英语在爱沙尼亚和土耳其提问时,本地品牌均未被推荐;第三,语言与位置可分离:固定语言,只改变出口IP,推荐市场随之变化,例如从柏林问土耳其语,答案推荐德国供应商;从塔林问俄语,答案推荐拉脱维亚供应商。小语种居中:从爱沙尼亚问俄语,4/6次推荐爱沙尼亚本地供应商,其余为全球品牌;爱沙尼亚语始终推荐本地,英语则从不推荐。对照实验显示,该现象不源于供应,而可能源于类别是否受国家监管。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
When a generative search interface answers a commercial question, which market's products it names is decided before the model reasons about the products. We report a controlled probe of 234 runs against the logged-out ChatGPT web interface and the OpenAI API, collected on 29 and 30 August 2026 across four exit countries and six query languages, with six identical runs per cell. Three results. First, the top recommendation is unstable: it changed across six identical runs on four of six prompts, and that rate was identical in the browser interface and in the API with web search both enabled and disabled, so instability is a property of the system and not of the surface. Second, query language, and not location, decides whether local suppliers appear at all. Where the query language matched the country, a global brand won 1 of 24 runs; asked in English on the same connections, local brands took 0 of 6 runs in Estonia and Turkiye. Third, language and location are separable and act on different things: holding the query language fixed and moving only the exit IP moves the market whose brands are named while the answer stays in the query language. We show this on two unrelated pairs, Turkish asked from Berlin and Russian asked from Tallinn, and in both the answer names the resident country's suppliers. A minority language occupies a middle tier: Russian asked from Estonia names an Estonian supplier in 4 of 6 runs and a global one in all six, where Estonian names a local supplier in every run and English names none. A negative control in a second category, coded with the same instrument, shows no language effect at all, and disconfirms our own expectation: that category does have domestic suppliers and none was named in any language, which points the explanation at whether a category is nationally regulated rather than at whether it is nationally supplied.
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