arXiv:2608.30364cs.LG2026-08

提前预测客户资金外流,比等客户流失更早干预。

Beyond Churn: Predicting Financial Fragmentation in Retail Banking with Temporal Machine Learning

  • 用时序机器学习捕捉客户资金分散的早期信号
  • 90天内资金外流预测精度达86.4%,前1%客户精准率95.3%
  • 可解释性强,适合银行做主动客户留存决策

零售银行客户流失常被视作最终的二元事件,但客户关系往往在完全脱离前就已通过存款、投资及定期活动向外部金融机构转移而逐渐弱化。本文将这一前期状态定义为金融碎片化,并提出一个端到端的时序机器学习系统,用于在客户彻底脱钩前预测该状态。基于某大型零售银行的匿名多源数据,该框架预测未来90天内是否发生有效外部转账或投资行为。研究使用595,220个客户月度观测数据,融合346个工程特征,涵盖客户画像、余额、产品关系、历史资金流动、宏观经济状况及竞争对手活动。采用四阶段XGBoost级联模型,分别预测(1)90天内是否发生外部流出,(2)预计金额,(3)资金来源产品,(4)目标金融机构。主分类器测试阶段的精确率-召回率曲线下面积(PR-AUC)为0.823;在验证选定阈值下,实现86.4%精确率、75.1%召回率和0.803的F1分数。按阶段1碎片化得分排序,前1%客户命中率达95.3%,前5%覆盖78.7%的实际外流案例。金额预测模型94.9%的预测值落在相邻金额区间内;目的地预测宏平均F1为0.81(共27类);来源产品预测加权F1达0.92。通过将分析焦点从终端流失转向早期资金迁移,该方法为前瞻性、可解释且经济驱动的客户保留决策支持提供了实用基础。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Retail banking attrition is usually represented as a terminal binary event, even though client relationships often weaken earlier through partial movements of deposits, investments, and recurring activity to external financial institutions. This paper defines that preceding state as financial fragmentation and presents an end-to-end temporal machine-learning system for predicting it before complete disengagement. Using anonymized multi-source data from a large retail bank, the framework predicts whether a valid external transfer or investment event will occur within 90 days. The study uses 595,220 client-month observations, with 346 engineered features combining monthly client profiles, balances, product relationships, prior flow-of-funds behavior, macroeconomic conditions, and competitor activity. A four-stage XGBoost cascade estimates (1) whether an external outflow will occur within 90 days, (2) the expected amount, (3) the originating product, and (4) the destination financial institution. The primary classifier achieved a test precision-recall area under the curve of 0.823. At the validation-selected threshold, it produced 86.4% precision, 75.1% recall, and an F1 score of 0.803. Ranking test observations in descending Stage 1 fragmentation score, the top 1% of clients yielded 95.3% precision, while the top 5% captured 78.7% of observed outflow cases. The amount model placed 94.9% of predictions within an adjacent amount bucket. Destination prediction reached a macro-F1 of 0.81 across 27 classes; source-product prediction achieved a weighted F1 of 0.92. By moving the analytical focus from terminal churn to earlier fund migration, the proposed approach provides a practical foundation for proactive, explainable, and economically informed client-retention decision support.

客户留存时序模型金融风控

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