arXiv:2608.30502cs.LGstat.ME2026-08

实时预测流中,传统统计监控会误报,新方法需配合校准与追踪。

When the Martingale Never Stops Firing: Anytime-Valid Gating on Real Forecast Streams

  • 用符合性检验马尔可夫链检测异常,确保随时可决策
  • 真实数据下135次测试全部误报,因数据非独立同分布
  • 对滤波器更新采用胡伯式门控,显著降低瞬时噪声影响

机器学习系统在运行中持续修正,干预时机越来越多由统计监控决定。即时有效推断提供可在任意时刻行动的证据,正从理论走向实际部署。符合性检验马尔可夫链是变化检测工具,维勒不等式保证了在交换数据下的误报率上限。但该保证依赖于数据的交换性假设,在依赖数据或监控循环中难以满足,且极少被测量。本研究在特定案例中评估了这一假设:一个监控器控制卡尔曼适配器对五个真实预测流在线更新冻结的时间序列基础模型。在可交换的合成数据上,该实现每60次运行最多触发1次;而在真实数据上,α=0.05时,135次干净流运行全部触发。触发原因并非算法设计,而是部署中的评分流本身违反了交换性。反复触发使门控漂移持续激活,反而放大了原本要防范的短暂波动。真正可用的部分无法声称有效性。对滤波器自身更新采用胡伯式门控,可将孤立尖峰导致的性能下降降低一个数量级,且无需针对数据集调参。因此,面向依赖数据的即时有效方法应配备零假设校准控制和机制追踪。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Machine learning systems are increasingly corrected while they run, and the decision of when to intervene is increasingly delegated to statistical monitors. Anytime-valid inference promises evidence that can be acted on at any moment, exactly the guarantee this setting needs, and it is moving from theory into deployed monitoring. Conformal test martingales are the change-detection instrument, and Ville's inequality caps their false-alarm probability on exchangeable data. The guarantee is conditional. A deployment inherits it only if the stream it monitors behaves exchangeably. The premise is hardest to satisfy where these monitors are most useful, on dependent data and inside loops where the monitor modifies the learner whose scores it reads. It is also rarely measured. We measure it in a pre-specified case study, where such a monitor gates the online updates of a Kalman adapter correcting frozen time-series foundation models on five forecasting streams. On exchangeable synthetic streams, the same implementation fires in at most 1 of 60 runs. On the real streams, at alpha = 0.05, 135 of 135 clean-stream runs fired. The construction does not explain the firing; the failure comes from the deployed score stream itself. Repeated fires hold the gate's drift response active, and the gated filter amplifies the very transient it was designed to prevent. The component worth keeping makes no validity claim. Huber-style gating of the filter's own updates cuts isolated-spike degradation by an order of magnitude with no dataset specific tuning. Anytime-valid methods proposed for dependent data should therefore be accompanied by null-calibration controls and mechanism traces.

在线学习统计监控即时有效异常检测

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