arXiv:2608.31139cs.CLcs.IR2026-08

提出可配置语义分块框架,提升生物医学信息抽取的准确性与可解释性。

Configurable Semantic Chunking for Biomedical Information Extraction in Retrieval-Augmented Generation

  • 基于实体保全窗口和触发词中心分块,动态构建语义连贯文本块。
  • 在GM-CIHT数据集上达82.6% F1,较固定分块提升8.4点。
  • 通过配置文件灵活调整分块策略,适合研究者调试与部署。

BioMedRAG引入了带有学习分块评分器的检索增强生成框架用于生物医学信息抽取。然而,其依赖固定大小分块,易破坏语义证据连续性。本文提出一种可配置语义分块框架,结合实体保全窗口、触发词中心分块、命题优先抽取、分层触发词优先级和层级关系解析,解决该问题。框架仅替换分块构建阶段,保留原有嵌入模型、学习分块评分器、生成器及评估协议。在生物医学关系抽取基准(GM-CIHT、DDI、ChemProt)和不良事件分类(ADE)上评估。在GM-CIHT上,完整混合配置达到82.6% F1,较固定分块基线(74.2% F1)提升8.4点。跨数据集分析显示,语义分块在具有明确关系线索的数据集(如GM-CIHT、DDI)中表现更优;而固定分块在密集生化抽取和二分类场景(如ChemProt、ADE)中仍具竞争力。通过将分块逻辑外置于配置文件,该框架为生物医学RAG管道提供可解释且可适配的替代方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

BioMedRAG introduced retrieval-augmented generation with a learned chunk scorer for biomedical information extraction. However, it relies on fixed-size chunking which can fragment semantic evidence. We propose a configurable semantic chunking framework that addresses this limitation by combining entity-preserving windows, trigger-centered chunking, proposition-first extraction, tiered trigger prioritization, and hierarchical relation resolution. The framework integrates with BioMedRAG by replacing only the chunk construction stage while preserving the embedding model, learned chunk scorer, generator, and evaluation protocol. We evaluate the framework on biomedical relation extraction benchmarks (GM-CIHT, DDI, ChemProt) and adverse event classification (ADE). On GM-CIHT, the full hybrid configuration achieves 82.6% F1, improving over the fixed-size baseline (74.2% F1) by 8.4 points under our experimental setup. Cross-dataset analysis shows that semantic chunking improves extraction datasets with explicit relation cues, such as GM-CIHT and DDI, while fixed chunking remains competitive or stronger for dense biochemical extraction and binary classification settings such as ChemProt and ADE. By externalizing chunking logic into configuration files, the framework provides an interpretable and adaptable alternative to rigid fixed-size chunking for biomedical RAG pipelines.

信息抽取RAG语义分块生物医学

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