arXiv:2609.01642cs.IR2026-09

让大模型先想象任务所需能力,再生成伪技能来解决指令与执行步骤不匹配的问题。

Imagine Before Retrieval: Prospective Skill Retrieval for LLM Agents

论文配图:Imagine Before Retrieval: Prospective Skill Retrieval for LLM Agents
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 先推断任务所需能力,再生成伪技能填补目标与执行间的差距
  • 在两个数据集上提升检索准确率与任务完成率
  • 适合需要复杂推理的智能体系统,尤其关注任务规划

技能检索已成为一种有前景的方法,从技能库中识别出可执行的指导原则,从而赋予大语言模型(LLM)代理完成指定任务的程序知识。现有方法通常通过定制检索模型或重构检索流程,优先选择与任务查询语义最相关的内容。然而,我们实证发现,任务查询和技能天然来自不同视角——目标导向与过程导向,导致一个未被充分探索的问题:查询-技能错位(QSM)。在此背景下,正确关联理想技能变得极为困难,阻碍代理正确执行任务。为此,受人类前瞻性认知启发,我们提出SkillDreamer框架,首先推断任务执行所需能力,然后通过生成伪技能想象如何实现这些能力,最终利用这种前瞻性信息弥合目标导向任务查询与执行导向技能之间的鸿沟。在SkillRet和SkillUsage上的大量实验不仅验证了SkillDreamer在技能检索和端到端任务执行中的有效性,还展示了其在多种检索模型与流程中的泛化能力。代码将在接受后公开。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Skill retrieval has recently emerged as a promising paradigm for identifying the desirable execution guidelines from the skill gallery, thus equipping large language model (LLM) agents with the procedural knowledge to accomplish the specified task. To this end, most existing methods customize the retrieval model or reconfigure the retrieval pipeline to prioritize skills that are most semantically relevant to the task query. However, we empirically reveal that task queries and skills are naturally formulated from different perspectives, namely, objective-oriented and procedural-oriented, leading to an under-explored problem termed Query--Skill Misalignment (QSM). Clearly, it is daunting and even impossible to associate the desirable skills in the context of QSM, thus hindering the agent from correctly executing the task. As a remedy, inspired by human prospective cognition, we propose SkillDreamer, a novel framework to alleviate the negative impact of QSM problem. In brief, SkillDreamer first infers the capabilities necessary for task execution, then imagines how to realize these capabilities by generating pseudo skills, and finally leverages such prospective information to bridge the gap between objective-oriented task queries and execution-oriented skills. Extensive experiments on SkillRet and SkillUsage not only verify the effectiveness of SkillDreamer in both skill retrieval and end-to-end task execution, but also demonstrate its generalizability across diverse retrieval models and pipelines. The code will be released upon acceptance.

大模型代理技能检索任务规划

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